Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ______ perspective.
Functionalism
Symbolic Interactionism
Institutionalism
Conflict Theory
________- societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.
Industrial
Feudal
Agricultural
Hunter-gatherer
Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sister and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out.
Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to his lack of certainty.
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired.
The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:
Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.
Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles.
Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance.
Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival.
Please place the following societies in chronological order:
Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural
Pastoral; Agricultural; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of _______.
Achieved status
The Thomas Theorem
Ascribed status
The looking-glass self
Alienation is defined by the text as:
The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced form his or her society, work, or sense of self.
Social forces considered real which exist outside the individual.
The act of defying social norms in favor of group activity.
The strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life.
Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?
Alienation form the product of one's labor
Alienation from one's self
Alienation from others
Alienation form one's religion
Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.
The iron cage
Collective conscience
Bourgeoisie
Anomie
The concept anomie can be defined as:
A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.
How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group.
A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests.
When one or more of an individual's roles clash.
During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then gets in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of ________.
Socialization
The looking glass self
Resocialization
Anticipatory socialization
Some sociologists have pointed our that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?
Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
Letting Kim wear pants to school.
Allowing Joey to sleep with his "blankey."
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, when do humans begin to think about the feelings of other people and begin to see the world through other people's eyes?
When they are born.
When the first go to school.
In their teenage years.
After they graduate form college.
It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory?
Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development
George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development
Nature vs. Nurture
Freud's theory of self-development
Education is important to nicety because:
It teacher children facts about the world in which they live.
It teacher children how to interact with their peers and helps them to gain social graces.
It teacher children how to react to authority and how to behave in group and one-on-one situations.
All three options listed.
The transition form college life to work life can be quiet difficult for many young adults in the United States. Which is a possible cause for this struggle?
The status quo has been maintained for a substantial period of time, and now the economy and government are undergoing significant changes.
Many young people in the the same situations, so drawing expertise or knowledge form their experiences from peers is difficult.
Finding a job, renting an apartment, and being independent is a daunting task that seems insurmountable.
All options listed.
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o-clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 p'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
A shift in her desire to enjoy life.
A shift in her reading habits.
Resocialization.
A complete and permanent loss of herself.
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.
They provide the second major socialization experience outside the realm of their families.
They rank higher in importance to adolescents' than parental influence.
They help exert dependence among adolescents.
Mark, whose parents are wealthy, has been socialized to believe that he can be whoever he wants to be. His best friend Matt, whose parents are blue-collar workers, has been socialized to believe that hard work and following instructions is all he needs to support himself. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
Structural Functionalism
Conflict
Feminist Theory
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:
Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter.
Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.
Chorus members of the campuses production of Hairspray practice in Theatre buildings first floor, while the case of God of Carnage practices on the second floor.
The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair.
When Michael starts high school, he joins the basket team. He begins t look to his teammates friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team in serving as Michael's _______.
Out-group
Reference group
Aggregate
Secondary group
A total institution can be defined as:
A business which offers career advice for federal employees.
A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making.
A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy.
An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) ______ leader.
Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-faire
Republican
The United States Government is a form of:
A bureaucracy
A coercive organization
A total institution
A normative organization
The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.
The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States.
The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal.
The increasingly popularity of McDonalds as hang-out for youths.
The concept "reference groups" can be dined as:
Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain.
Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity.
People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way.
Group to which an individual compares himself or herself.
In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
Oligarchy
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
The authoritarian devalue of an employee.
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
