Emergency Treatment for Life-Threatening Asthma
In the case of 92-33 CHEST <92% <33% Predicted C H and Hypotension E S T/B
then do O SHITME:
(nebulized) () () I T M Escalate ( and ventilation)
Which of these treatments can help you stop smoking?
nicotine replacement therapy
Varenicline
Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy
Bupropion
Bupropion and Varenicline
Clonidine
Nortriptyline
Digoxin
Prednisolone
Propanalol
Which of these have potential to help stop people from smoking?
Cytisine
Naltrexone
Anti-smoking vaccines
Lisinopril
Simvastatin
Metaformin
Plavix
Varenicline works by reducing the amount of a person receives from smoking and by reducing as well. Starting from the day you quit, you take for about weeks (and longer if needed. )
Generally, anti-smoking drugs have side effects of mood change (irritability/agitation), difficulty sleeping, and blood pressure changes.
Bupropion is an . It reduces the brain's nicotine . Doses should be started - weeks you quit smoking.
Nicotine is a central nervous stimulant
Nicotine stimulates the system.
On average, a smoker will inhale to milligrams of nicotine per breath per cigarrette.
Within seconds of taking a puff, nicotine will reach the brain. Nicotine is best absorbed by membranes, as seen in the and nose.
Nicotine leads to decreased monoamineoxidase (MAO) levels
Monoamineoxidase (MAO) is the enzyme responsible for breaking down . Smoking leads to levels of MAO, hance more .
Nicotine...
is a relaxant
is a stimulant
activates the adrenal glands to release catecholamines
leads to increased blood sugar
suppresses pancreatic secretion of insulin
leads to dopamine release
decreases levels of arousal
slowly metabolized
quickly metabolized
Nicotine mimics acetylcholine and disrupts acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor interactions.
Types of Asthma?
Occupational Asthma
Nocturnal Asthma
Exercise Induced Asthma
Allergic Asthma
Cough Variant Asthma
Steroid Resistant Asthma
Antibiotic Induced Asthma
Seasonal Asthma
Anaphylaxis is a type of hypersensitivity reaction.
Top 3 cause for anaphylaxis:
1.
2.
3.
Ingestion of the drug (regardless of the manner) will be the quickest to lead to a (within - minutes.)
What to check for during anaphylaxis?
Airways difficulties
Breathing complications
Circulation problems
Temperature
Skin Changes
Mucosal Changes
Dehydration
Which of these count as airway difficulties?
Throat swelling
Tongue swelling
Hoarse voice
Stridor
"Closing up" throat sensation
Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Excessive Choking
Hemoptysis
Epistaxis
Which of these count as breathing problems during anaphylaxis?
Wheeze
Higher Respiratory Rate
Lower Respiratory Rate
Increased fatigue
Hypoxia-induced confusion
Cyanosis
Respiratory Arrest
Cardiac Arrest
Which of these are circulation complications during anaphylaxis?
tachycardia
bradycardia
hypertension
hypotension
Angina
Myocardial Ischemia
Myocardial Infarction
Shock like symptoms
You should stand the patient up if they're undergoing anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis can affect the patient's conscious level.
Which of these are anaphylactic skin changes during anaphylaxis?
erythema
urticaria
angioedema
very white pallor
hyperhidrosis
Septic shock has a similar presentation to anaphylaxis
Which of these non-threatening conditions present similarly to anaphylaxis?
vasovagal episode
panic attack
non-allergic urticaria
non-allergic angioedema
child breath-holding
food poisoning
is how to immediately treat anaphylaxis.
1) IV established 2) 3) Monitor 4) Give more if needed 5) Escalate if needed: / crystalloid (but check whether it caused the anaphylaxis in the first place)
Example treatments: or Hartmann's
(such as hydrocortisone) and - (such as chlor) can be given for anaphylaxis--but only after patient stabalized.
Mast cell Tryptase is a way to investigate and confirm anaphyalaxis in a patient.
