Sulfide ores are converted to oxides first by roasting in air

It produces Sulfur Dioxide (gas) which causes acid rain but by converting Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfuric Acid a pollutant is avoided, and a valuable product is made

Oxides are then reduced to the metal by Carbon (coke) or Carbon Monoxide

REDUCTION OF IRON (III) OXIDE - in a blast furnace at temperatures greater than 700 degrees
Iron Oxide is reduced Carbon or Carbon Monoxide to produce Iron and Carbon Dioxide

REDUCTION OF MANGANESE (IV) OXIDE - in a blast furnace at temperatures about 1200 degrees
Manganese Oxide is reduced with Carbon or Carbon Monoxide to produce Manganese and Carbon Dioxide

REDUCTION OF COPPER CARBONATE
Copper (in its ore:malachite) is heated indirectly with Carbon to produce Copper and Carbon Dioxide - 2CuCO3 + C --> 2Cu +3CO2
Another method involves heating the carbonate until it decomposes, then reducing the oxide with Carbon - CuCO3 --> CuO + CO2
2CuO + C --> 2Cu + CO2

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A level Chemistry Notiz am Extraction of metal, erstellt von mbaker25 am 03/06/2013.