Exam 1

What is the historical importance of King Tut's burial site?

• The site proved that King Tut was one of Egypt's most powerful and influential rulers.

• The site was one of the most undisturbed ancient Egyptian burial sites ever discovered, allowing archaeologists to view what the space may have looked like at the time of the Pharaoh's burial.

• The site contained the Rosetta Stone.

• The site proved the existence of a pharaoh that was believed by many to be a myth.

Most of the prehistoric cave paintings that have been discovered contain images of __________.

• Animals

• Gods

• Plants

• Men

Where was the first form of writing discovered?

• Africa

• Mesopotamia

• Asia

• Egypt

How did the Neolithic Revolution effect art?

• Portable objects became more prevalent, along with ornamented and decorated weaponry.

• Structures and objects were destroyed as people moved from village to village.

• Larger objects were created, architecture was developed, and pottery was made.

• People began to paint flowers on the insides of caves.

Why did ancient Egyptians mummify their pharaohs?

• For hygienic purposes.

• To heal the bodies of any impurities.

• Because they believed that when a Pharaoh was mummified, they resembled a god, and therefore the process made the deceased ruler divine.

• To preserve the body so that it could be used as a vessel for the should in the afterlife.

What form of writing was used by the ancient Egyptians?

• an early form of Latin

• cuneiform

• an early form of Greek

• hieroglyphs

What is cuneiform?

• The earliest known writing system.

• A monumental platform for a temple.

• A winged man-headed bull.

• A carved stone slab erected to commemorate a historical event or a grave.

What is a ziggurat?

• A monumental platform for a temple.

• An Egyptian god.

• A stone tablet containing the first known written language.

• An ancient burial site.

What does the term "prehistory" (or "prehistoric") mean?

• Before the death of Christ.

• A time before homo sapiens.

• A time before writing.

• Before modern era.

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

• The transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers.

• The transition from farmers to hunter-gatherers.

• The transition from nomads to hunter-gatherers.

• The transition from farmers to nomads.

What does it mean to be in the round?

• The figure was ceremonially used in a round temple chamber.

• As a representation of fertility, the abdomen of the female is an exaggerated round-shape.

• Standing free with all sides shown, rather than carved in relief against a ground.

• The form was created with round balls of clay that were attached and then molded into the form that we see today.

What does the size of the Venus of Willendorf suggest about the people that made her?

• The Venus of Willendorf is small and fits into the palm of your hand. The people that made the sculpture were nomadic, which means that they moved to different locations throughout the year, and did not stay in the same place.

• The Venus of Willendorf is as small as a bead, so that she could be worn on a necklace by women.

• The Venus of Willendorf is the size of a newborn, which shows that she reminded people about fertility and the goddess Venus.

• The Venus of Willendorf is a giant statue (as seen in the movie *Hellboy 2*). People probably worshipped this sculpture and gave her offerings of food. These people lived in the same place over a long period of time.

The shape of the pyramids is likely a reference to _____.

• The sun

• A mountain

• A river

• The moon

Many works of Ancient Near Eastern art that survive today show _____.

• the harshness of life in the desert.

• social and political equality.

• none of the above.

• the power of kings and rulers.

• the dominance of priests.

What theme seems most central in the Palette of Narmer?

• Political unification

• The power of the gods

• Political stability

• Death and the afterlife

Stonehenge was built used which system of construction?

• The wheel

• Post and lintel

• Brick and mortar

• Sandstone and mud

Contrapposto is shown in which of these images?

The Colosseum and the Pantheon share a structural material for which Roman engineers became famous. What is that material?

• concrete

• granite

• porphyry

• marble

Constantine moved the administrative center of the empire from Rome to _____, which contributed to the decline of Rome as a city.

• Athens

• Alexandria

• Constantinople

• Jerusalem

What is the reason that very few bronze sculptures from ancient Greece exist today?

• The Romans replaced the Greek originals with their own marble reproductions.

• Bronze sculpture is not durable over time.

• Bronze was expensive and rarely used by Greek artists.

• The metal was melted and used for other purposes.

What was the principal motif of Greek art?

• the sea

• the human figure

• food and drink

• war and peace

Which of the following features are NOT typical of kouros figures?

• Clenched hands

• High-arched eyes

• Stylized knees

• Ornate jewelry

The New York Kouros shows the influence of _____ art.

• Neolithic

• Roman

• Prehistoric

• Egyptian

Consider the New York Kouros. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

• This statue was probably used as a grave marker.

• This figure shows the influence of Egyptian art, particularly in the locking of the hands to the side and the locking of the knees.

• This figure is highly stylized, with large, simplified eyes and a smile that is seen on most Archaic figures.

• This is a portrait of an ancient Greek citizen from the Archaic period.

Imperial Roman portraits were commonly distributed throughout the empire; the Augustus of Primaporta was found in _____.

• the imperial palace in Alexandria

• beside the aqueduct at Nimes

• Villa of Primaporta

• on the Palatine hill in Rome

The facade of the Pantheon looks like an oversized Greek temple. All of the following contribute to this visual effect, EXCEPT the _____.

• large porch

• Latin inscription

• columns

• pediments

Which of the following is NOT true of the Pantheon?

• When it was made, the Pantheon was the largest dome in the world and it would be hundreds of years before architects built another dome of a similar size.

• When Rome was sacked by Germanic tribes in the fifth century, they removed the gold that decorated the Pantheon.

• The dome of the Pantheon was constructed with precisely cut marble bricks.

• The Pantheon is a temple and was dedicated to the seven main gods in the Roman religion.

The emerging abstraction that is present in the Colossus of Constantine came to be associated with _____.

• the rise of Christianity

• classicism

• the Sack of Rome in 410

• traditional Roman religion

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Augustus of Primaporta?

• This statue was found in the Villa of Livia; Livia was Augustus's wife.

• This statue shows Augustus as having divine ancestry.

• This statue shows Augustus as a brilliant military leader.

• This statue is modeled on Patrician sculpture from the Roman republic.

How would the Anavysos Kouros sculpture have appeared differently in ancient Greece?

• It would have been a part of a large group of sculptures.

• It would have on stood on a raised altar inside a temple.

• It would have been dressed in clothes and decorative adornment.

• It would have been brightly painted.

What is one main difference in Greek and Roman architecture?

• Greek architecture is decorated with military triumphs while Roman architecture is decorated with mythological creatures.

• Greek architecture is predominantly rounded arches and vaults, while Roman architecture is predominantly post and lintel structures.

• Greek architecture is typically concrete, while Roman architecture is typically cut stone blocks.

• Greek architecture was comprised predominantly of temples built to glorify gods, while Roman architecture was comprised of predominantly civic buildings built to honor and glorify the empire.

Who developed the arch, vault, and dome?

• Egyprians

• Unknown

• Greeks

• Romans

What is an aquaduct?

• Ornamental arches built across rivers to showcase the opulence of the Roman Empire.

• An early Roman prototype of a dam.

• A pipe or channel designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.

• An early form of a bridge for people to cross between neighboring villages.

_____ is a movement that sought to destroy religious images and remove them from Christian worship.

• Iconoclasm

• Christian abstraction

• Classicism

• Orthodoxy

In art history, the word "icon" means _____.

• "sacred symbol" and refers to the symbolism of the Eucharist.

• "sacred book" and refers to a manuscript that outlines religious practice.

• "image" and refers to religious images used in prayer and devotion.

• "leader" and refers to the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Select the answer that does NOT relate to illuminated manuscripts.

• The illustrations in manuscripts were functional as well as decorative.

• In illustrated manuscripts, words and images worked together to inform the medieval reader.

• Books were not essential to the practice of Christianity, as they only contained texts by Ancient Greek and Roman authors.

• More manuscripts survive from the Middle Ages than any other medium.

The dome is the crowning achievement of Hagia Sophia, and in its ambitious scale, it recalls the engineering brilliance of the _____.

• Treasury of Atreus in Mycenae

• Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

• Temple of Mercury in Baiae

• Pantheon in Rome

The columns in San Vitale incorporate _____.

• Christian symbolism

• Greek orders from Ancient Greek architecture (Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian)

• the Tuscan order from Ancient Roman architecture

• Egyptian columns reminiscent of hypostyle halls

What element of the capitals in Hagia Sophia reflect the general shift away from the solidity of Greek and Roman architecture?

• They do not serve any structural function in the building.

• They used drillwork to create a thin and dematerialized effect contradicting their support function.

• They added painted decoration to obscure the solid stone material.

• They introduced curved volutes as a decorative feature of the capita

What makes the representation of Christ in the apse of San Vitale classical in appearance?

• Christ's beardless face

• Christ sitting on an orb

• Christ's sandals

• Christ's cruciform halo

A ________ background in Byzantine art represents the heavenly realm.

• White

• Mosaic

• Gold

• Blue

__________ is the worship of one all-powerful god, while __________ is the belief in multiple gods.

• monotheism, polytheism

• monotheism, pantheism

• pantheism, animism

• polytheism, monotheism

The central area of the church basilica structure is called the _____.

• triumphal arch

• nave

• apse

• clerestory

The semicircular space above a Romanesque portal is called a _____.

• architrave

• jamb

• lintel

• tympanum

Romanesque arches are more __________, while Gothic arches are more __________.

• rounded, square

• oblong, square

• rounded, pointed

• pointed, rounded

__________ were important sources of funding for monasteries and churches that possessed the __________ of venerated saints.

• Relics, writings

• Cardinals, relics

• Pilgrims, writings

• Pilgrims, relics

Relics are __________.

• A weaving technique in which designs are woven directly into the fabric.

• A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations.

• The space enclosed by a lintel and an arch over a doorway.

• The body parts, clothing, or objects associated with a holy figure.

Why was the Bayeux Tapestry commissioned?

• To celebrate William’s conquest of England.

• To tell the story of King Arthur to illiterate peasants.

• To celebrate and commemorate an upcoming marriage that would provide a stabilizing union to the region.

• To commemorate a deceased Norman queen.

The Book of Kells is an example of __________.

• a hymnal

• Roman mythology

• stained glass

• an illuminated manuscript

Which of the following is an example of a reliquary?

__________ was used to convey church doctrine to church-goers and pilgrims, most of whom were illiterate.

• Pilgrimages

• Relics

• Illuminated manuscripts

• Church architecture and decoration

Which image depicts a flying buttress?

Chartres Cathedral was the home of which relic?

• A bone fragment from the hand of Saint Peter.

• The holy dress that the Virgin Mary wore while giving birth to Jesus.

• A piece of the True Cross.

• A section of cloth from the clothing of Saint Louis.

The use of __________ allowed more light in to Gothic churches than had previously been in Romanesque churches.

• stained glass windows

• frescoes

• round arches

• walls

A basic tendency of Roman thought was to make people secondary to the empire to which they belonged. In Christian thought, __________ became so secondary in relation to __________ as to become inconsequential for representation and therefore remained the object, but not the subject, of art for nearly a millennium.

• God, salvation

• salvation, God

• man, God

• God, man

What marked the first widespread revival of stone sculpture since late antiquity?

• The use of barrel vaults.

• The embellishment of churches with carvings on capitals, jambs, and portals.

• Pisano's baptistery pulpit in Siena.

• A life-size carving of the crucifixion.