GEO 1111 Midterm 2

Factors that determine the "violence" of eruptions

Materials Extruded from a Volcano

How does magma get silica rich if it comes from the mantle?

Pyroclastic Materials

Eruption Columns

Lateral Blast

Pyroclastic Flow & Surges

Eruption Types: Hawaiian

Eruption Types: Strombolian

Eruption Types: Vulcanian

Eruption Types: Pelean

Eruption Types: Piinian

Eruption Types: Phreatic

Volcanic Landforms: Volcanic cone

Volcanic Landforms: Vent

Volcanic Landforms: Crater/Caldera

Volcanic Landforms: Fissures

Volcanic Landforms: Volcanic Pipes & Necks

Volcanic Landforms: Lava Tube

Fumaroles

Hot/Thermal Springs

Geyser

Volcanic Eruptions : Secondary Effects

Lahar

Volcanic Eruptions : Secondary Effects

Debris Avalanches/flows

Volcanic Eruptions : Secondary Effects

Tsunami

Volcanic Eruptions : Secondary Effects

Atmospheric Effects

Volcanic Eruptions : Secondary Effects

Positive Effects

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

Seismic Monitoring

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

P&S waves

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

Ground Deformation

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

change in magnetic field

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

changes in gas composition

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

electrical resistivity

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

Ground water changes

Volcanic Monitoring: Short term

heat flow

Volcanic Monitoring: Long term

Divergent Margins

Transform Boundaries

Convergent Boundaries

Ocean-ocean Convergence

Ocean-continental Convergence

Continental-continental Convergence

Faults

Hanging Wall

Footwall

Normal fault

Transform Fault (Strike-slip)

Reverse/thrust Faults

Joints

Dome

Basin

What Produces an Earthquake?

What is Seismology?

Types of Seismic waves: S waves

Types of Seismic waves: P waves

Types of Seismic waves: Surface waves

Types of Seismic waves: Rayleigh (R) waves

Types of Seismic waves: Love (L) waves

How do you Locate the Epicentre?

Intensity

Magnitude

Types of Magnitude Scales: Richter scale

Types of Magnitude Scales: Moment-magnitude Scale

What contributes to the amount of damage of an earthquake?

What kind of destruction usually occurs from an earthquake?

Rock Behaviours

Earthquake Predictions : Long Term

Earthquake Predictions : Short Term

Composition of Ore Minerals

Cause/affect of Acid Mine Drainage

Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits

Magmatic Mineral Deposits

Sedimentary Mineral Deposits

Placers

Deposits Associated with Weathering

Fractional Crystallization

Immiscibility

Pegmatites

Deposit Associated with Metamorphism (Skarns)

Veins

Disseminated

VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulphides)

Associated with sediments : SEDEX (Sedimentary Exhalative Deposits)

Associated with sediments : Unconformity-Associated Uranium

Associated with sediments : Mississippi Valley-type Deposits

Banded Iron Formations

Placer Deposits

Supergene

Residual Enrichment

Diamonds

Kimberlite Pipes

Coal

Oil & gas