Standard English

pronunciation

vocabulary

grammar

formal style

informal style

descriptive approach

prescriptive approach

talking in a "static" way

talking in a "dynamic" way

speech community

accent

dialect

diachronic

synchronic

aspects of user-related variation in a language

register

lexeme

word

morpheme

how do you know if something is a single morpheme

the three types of affixes

inflectional affix

derivational / lexical affix

affixation

compounding

conversion

stem modification

suppletion

syncretism

the nine inflectional affixes

what does a phrase consist of?

open classes

closed classes

clitic

notional approach

prototype

form

function

verbal element

lexical verb

auxiliary verb

what are the three main auxiliary verbs?

what are the main modal verbs?

simple sentence

compound sentence

how do you know if something is one clause

all compound sentences have at least one...

correct format for outlining the clauses of a sentence

complex sentence

how do the clauses work in a complex sentence?

compound-complex sentence

what is the matrix verbal element

steps to identifying a clause

properties of a basic (canonical) clause

main functions that can be found within a clause

features of a subject (in a basic clause)

predicate

predicator

complement

adjunct / adverbial

object

difference between direct and indirect objects

how do you tell if something is a proper noun?

how do you tell if something is a verb?

difference between adjective and adverb

how do you test if something is a modal verb?

what do pronouns replace?

how to test if something is the part of speech I think it is

what do subordinators do?

what four factors can be used to describe nouns?

how do you tell if something is a noun?

nominative case

genitive case

accusative case

vocative case

which sorts of objects can become the subject in a passivized sentence?

how do you know if something is a predicate complement?

what are the basic clause patterns for different types of verbs?

intransitive clause structure

transitive clause structure

complex-intransitive clause structure

ditransitive clause structure

complex-transitive clause structure

how do you use yes-no questions to tell what the subject is?

what are the types of non-central complement?

locative / temporal complements

phrasal

prepositional verb

phrasal-prepositional verbs

catenative verb

how do you know if something is a constituent?

three types of auxiliary verbs

structure of a noun phrase

how do you know which noun is the head of a noun phrase?

what are the different uses of pronouns?

anaphoric reference

cataphoric reference

deictic reference

nominal

properties of a common noun

different types of nouns that contain numeric properties

impersonal subject

existential marker

functions of "it"

types of pronouns

genitive pronoun

reflexive pronoun

demonstrative pronouns

interrogative pronouns

indefinite pronouns

reciprocal pronouns

types of determinatives

predeterminers

determinative phrase (DP)

examples of genitive NP / genitive case

syntactic constructions within the genitive case

pre-head modifier

fused-head constructions / fused-head NPs

two main types of fused-head constructions

post-head dependent

apposition

types of apposition

difference between complements and modifiers

peripheral dependent

nominalisation

attributive adjective

predicative adjective

postpositive adjective

central adjective

peripheral adjective

inflectional and analytical adjective modification

what pre-head dependents do adjectives take?

what post-head dependents do adjectives take?

discontinuous adjective phrase

what are the three types of non-prototypical adjectives?

morphological properties of adverbs

functions of an adverb

what pre-head dependents does an adverb phrase take?

what post-head dependents does an adverb phrase take?

conjunctive adverbs

disjunct

what are the subclasses of modifying adverbs (which modify adjectives and adverbs)?

fossilised prepositional idiom

complements of a preposition

preposition stranding