Pulmonary Pathology :)

A woman in her mid-30s all of sudden begins to feel dizzy and is panting. She has angina and a paresthesia in her fingers.These symptoms worsen until she feels like she is going to die. The total episode lasts for about 10 minutes before resolving completely.

A 20-year-old woman overdosed on paracetamol tablets 9 hours ago. Which is the single most appropriate emergency treatment?

A young woman has panic attacks when she has to attend formal meetings at work. Even socially, she feels anxious when meeting friends.

Three major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall:
Type I pneumocytes (Pc I)
Type II pneumocytes (Pc II)
Dust cells

Which is the correct pairing of functions?

What is the max amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled and as quickly as possible after a maximal inhalation?

This is the volume expired in the first second. It is Affected by how narrowed the airways are.

A 32-year-old woman comes to the ED with a previous month long history of malaise, mild cough, and subjective fevers.

She is HIV positive and her last CD4 count taken 6 months prior was 220. She's not on antiretroviral therapy or other medications.

Vital signs: HR= 88 beats per minute, BP=130/60 mm Hg, RR = 12 breaths per minute, oxygen sat= 91% on room air.

Her chest radiograph shows diffuse, patchy infiltrates bilaterally. Subsequent labs are unremarkable except for an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level.

What most likely causing her condition?

An early middle aged married executive CEO with 2 children complains to her GP complaining of increased tiredness and a lack of interest in her work. She has also been having an upset bowel. Believing she has burnout, what is the best initial management for this patient ?

An 18-year-old tall, thin male arrives at ED with acute onset of respiratory distress while sitting at his desk. He had a sharp pain on the right side of his chest that got worse with breathing in. He is otherwise healthy, doesn't do any recreational drugs, and hasn't traveled anywhere recently.

Vital Signs: HR of 100 beats per minute, BP 120/60 mm Hg, a RR of 14 breaths per minute, oxygen sats of 97% on room air.

During auscultations, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side.
Which of the following tests is to be performed next?

A 20 year old man complains to the GP of a runny congested nose for the past 3 months with frequent sneezing. Hiis symptoms are worse in the morning and he has no pets. He also has from asthma and eczema. The diagnosis is Perennial rhinitis and you prescribe cetirizine. What is the most likely cause of his condition?

Nick is a 46-year-old builder who has noticed breathlessness which is worse on exertion for roughly the past year. No inhaler seems to be helping.

TLC Raised
RV Raised
PaO2 Reduced
PaCO2 Raised (serious)
Transfer factor (TLCO/ DLCO): Reduced

Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?

Alan is a 50-year-old farmer who has been getting breathless over the last 3 years. At first, the shortness of breath came in episodes lasting a few hours but over the last two years, the problems have been continuous.
Reduced FEV1
Reduced FVC
Increased forced expiratory ratio
Reduced total lung capacity

Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?