Bio 12 -- Carbohydrates

How are the different types of monosaccharides distinguished?

What are the two simplest monosaccharides called? Include their # of carbons + functional group.

Draw ribose

Draw ribulose.

Name the 3 types of hexose sugars.

Draw alpha glucose and beta glucose

Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of sucrose

Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of lactose

Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of maltose

Draw alpha and beta galactose.

Draw alpha and beta fructose.

Triose monosaccharides include _____________ as the aldose and ____________ as the ketose group

Pentose include __________ as the aldose group and __________ as the ketose group

What is a glycosidic linkage? How are they formed?

Name the three disaccharides

Important functions of polysaccharides in living cells are...? Give examples of each function.

What is an isomer?

Starch is made of long chains of ________________. It contains 25-30% _________ and 70-75% _________________. Branched chains with alpha __ - __ glycosidic bonds every 24-30 glucose units.

Glycogen: found in _______ and _________ of animals.
Made of _________ molecules, similar to _______________.
Its shape is __________________.

Cellulose
- found in __________
- composed of ______________
- held together by __ __-__ glycosidic links
- shape is ___________

Chitin;
- found in __________ and __________
- Made of _________ molecules, it is chemically similar to cellulose by each glucose has an __________ group attached

What do most monosaccharides form in aqueous solutions?

Amylose is a straight chain polymer of ___________ with _________ glycosidic linkages

Amylopectin is a branched-chain _____________ polymer with __________ linkages in the main chain and __________ linkages at the branch points.

Plants store starch as ___________ ______________.

Chitin’s physical and chemical properties make it useful in medical applications, such as...