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1. What is the aetiology of GORD?
A. Transient relaxations of lower oesophageal sphincter
B. Presence of hiatal hernia
C. Abnormalities of oesophago-gastric junction
D. All of the above
How do you generally diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?
A. Through a history of typical reflux symptoms
B. Through oesophageal and gastric ultrasonography
C. Through barium contrast radiography
D. Through specific testing (upper GI endoscopy and/or oesophageal pH-monitoring)
E. It depends on the age of the child
In an infant younger than 1 year of age with uncomplicated recurrent regurgitation and vomiting you prescribe PPIs:
A. If symptoms are frequent and troublesome
B. If symptoms are unresponsive to acid buffering agents
C. Only if ultrasonographic evidence of reflux is available
D. Only if barium contrast radiography is suggestive of reflux
E. Never
