Kristen joined her best friend's recreational league because she finds soccer personally rewarding. Emma, her best friend, also enjoys the game but is deeply driven by the desire to win the league trophy. Emma's primary motivation is
self-oriented
Extrinsic
Competence
Intrinsic
Team-oriented
The behavior and the value of each individual can be kept distinct from each other. This is best accomplished by having
Self-acceptance self-esteem
achievement self-esteem
any kind of self-esteem
high self-esteem
low self-esteem
Determinism is a belief that
people determine everything
people do not want to change
people are highly motivated
people want to change
people have no choice
All of the following are true of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) except
it involves an extreme rejection of the body
it prevents us from liking who we are
it is commonplace in today's society
it involves negative self-talk
it is classified as a mental illness
Intrinsic motivation for healthy living is
Selfish
Dependent on others
short lived
powerful and lasting
mainly a result of being a good athlete
The SMART acronym identifies all of the following goals except
Adventurous
Time-bound
Relevant
Specific
Measurable
All of the following are stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change except
Maintenance
Action
Contemplation
Precontemplation
Post-maintenance
Justin constantly compares himself to others, After failing to keep his New Year's Resolution of working out five times a week, he sees himself as a failure. Justin suffers from
Contingency, or achievement, self-esteem
Depression
Procrastination disorder
Perfectionism
Social Anxiety
Behaviorism and operant conditioning may work but result in
only the mind changing
resentment toward authority
competition
rewarding incorrect responses
only the body changing
the support of others enhances our
well-being
performance
motivation
learning
all of the above
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter often associated with feelings of well-being and happiness?
Adrenaline
Glycine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Histamine
The five factors commonly found to affect wellbeing according to longitudinal population studies include all of the following except
Education
Weight
Income
Alcohol Use
Tobacco Use
CAM is an acronym for
Cardiovascular and Applied Medicine
Chiropractic and Alternative Medicine
Cardiovascular and Action-Oriented Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Conventional and Applied Medicine
The INTERHEART study conducted in six continent with some 30,000 subjects indicated that a healthy lifestyle could prevent what percentage of heart disease?
60 percent
30 percent
75 percent
90 percent
40 percent
The genome is to genetic information as (what?) is to lifestyle and environmental information?
Exposome
Biosphere
Geodome
Econome
Ergosphere
Who is associated with philosophical immaterialism?
Will Durant
Plato
Nietzche
B. F. Skinner
Pavlov
Holism claims that the reality of human life is
only the mind
Mind and body
agnostic
not matter
only the body
Today about 80 percent of illnesses in America are caused by
infections
poverty
lifestyle choices
bacteria
accidents
Wellness Includes
Health, fitness, and overall well being
optimal energy
feelings of peace and harmony of being
desire and capacity to thrive
All of the following are ten-year goals set by the US Department of Health and Human Services for healthy people in 2020 except
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
Increase enrollment of all groups in the Affordable Care Act
Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
Which is the most likely resting heart rate (RHR) for the average person, not an athlete?
35
65
55
85
45
All of the following are true of interval training except
it increases cardiorespiratory fitness in less time than traditional exercise
it involves keeping your pulse as high as possible between intervals
it can be broken up into segments during the day
it has the potential to improve the working of the parasympathetic nervous system
it is an appropriate program for even the average person
The action of the branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is most similar to which of the following metaphors?
playing drums in a rock band
playing piano to the tempo of a metronome
balancing on a skateboard
running a marathon
climbing a tree
Age of onset for major depressive disorders is typically when?
Mid-thirties
Mid-twenties
Mid-forties
Mid-fifties
Teens
An "E" added to the end of the F.I.T.T. acronym indicates
Energy
Enjoyment
Emotion
Excitement
Experience
The cardiorespiratory system is composed of the
Heart and respiratory system
Blood vessels and alveoli
heart, lungs, and thyroid
heart, lungs, and blood vessels
Lungs and heart
Cardiorespiratory fitness is especially effective
for reducing the risk of heart disease
for reducing the risk of Type II diabetes
for increasing a person's capacity to work
All of these
You can estimate your current cardiorespiratory fitness level
by assessing how much weight you can lift
by taking the Walk/Jog/Run test
Only by taking a treadmill stress test
by assessing your flexibility
by calculating your body mass index
Regular physical activity may reduce the risk for all of the following except
schizophrenia
depression
certain cancers
dementia
obesity
Five days a week, Brian leaves the house at 8am, walking at a good pace to work, a shift that starts at 8:30am. On Saturday, he likes to run 5K. His focus is on remaining healthy rather than improving skill or performance. This routine and philosophy is consistent with which model?
Overload principle
heart rate reserve
intermittent and interval training
exercise prescription model
lifetime physical activity model (LPAM)
Functional fitness can help you avoid
back problems and pain
high blood pressure
diabetes
heart problems
all of these
Good posture is
balance of the left and right hips
proper alignment of the musculoskeletal system
proper alignment that feels stiff
proper alignment of the head and back
balance of the left and right shoulders
proprioception is
sensory information that relates to flexibility
sensory information that comes from outside the body
sensory information in each cell
sensory information that alleviates pain
sensory information that comes from within the body
Neurogenesis, the development of new neurons:
results from mental exercises to improve the brain
improves one's metabolic rate
is essential to improved mental health
results in improved cardiorespiratory fitness
is linked to regular physical activity and exercise
the percentage of Americans who, at some point, experience low-back pain is
25 percent
70 percent
85 percent
55 percent
Functional fitness is proper muscular strength and endurance designed to
win gold medals
perform daily activities
make you buff
make you as strong as possible
none of these
which one of the following likely best exemplifies functional fitness?
the high fashion model
the pilates instructor
the competitive body builder
the triathlete
All of the following are considered benefits of functional fitness except
reducing pain
enhancing your mental health
creating natural energy
improving your intelligence quotient
preventing chronic conditions
the prudent lifestyle espouses
maximum muscle development
surgery
ergogenic aids to boost performance
medication to alleviate pain
focusing on mindbody wellness
you can access your level of functional fitness by
performing sport skills
performing repetitive deep squats
running a mile as fast as you can
performing test of posture, flexibility, and balance
The minimum amount of resistance or overload needed to ensure progression is what percentage of the maximum force that a muscle or muscle group can exert during one repetition?
80 percent
50 percent
Functional fitness uses free weights so that while you are moving
you can stand up straight
you can lift as much as possible
you can be flexible
you can strive to balance yourself
a healthy level of muscular strength and endurance can
enhance cognitive functioning
improve confidence
increase self-respect
reduce stress
Muscle strength and endurance are capable of
Reducing back pain
improving balance
preventing osteoporosis
none of the above
Muscles burn calories to help maintain normal body weight
During exercise
During and after exercise
During heart rate variability
All of the above
None of the above
a basic guideline for breathing properly while lifting includes
holding your breath during the eccentric phase and exhaling during the concentric phase
inhaling your breath during the concentric phase and exhaling during the eccentric phase
inhaling during the eccentric phase and exhaling your breath during the concentric phase
holding your breath throughout the lift
inhaling during the eccentric phase and holding your breath during the concentric phase
Agonist denotes
the decreasing size of the muscle cell due to failure to overload the muscle
the muscle or muscle group that produce endomorphins
the increasing size of the muscle size due to an increase in the myofibrils within a muscle cell
the muscle or muscle group that contracts to overcome resistance and move the body
the muscle or muscle group that lengthens to overcome resistance and move the body
Training that can help reduce back pain involves strengthening the
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles
trapezius, deltoids, and triceps
abdominals, glutei, and hamstrings
tibia, femur, and patella
radius, ulna, and humerus
FITT designates
Function. Intensity. Time. Type
Function. Intensity. Time. Technique
Frequency. Intensity. Time. Technique.
Frequency. Intensity. Time. Type.
Frequency. Intensity. Technique. Time.
if you feel the pain of a strained muscle or stretched ligament, it is advisable to
lighten the load, but work that area with a reduced load or intensity
get an X-ray of the affected area
take pain killers and anti-inflammatory medication
rest that muscle or ligament
work through the problem by continuing to work the muscle or ligament area
Lordosis (sway-back) can cause chronic low back pain. While congenital in some people, it can also develop in otherwise healthy people for all of the following reasons except
being overweight
sitting for extended periods
not maintaining a proper balance of mobility and stability
tight chest muscles
inactivity
in the groin stretch, you sit on the floor and put the soles of the feet together. Grabbing the ends of your feet with both hands and pulling your heels towards the groin as close as you can. Flexibility is considered good if the distance between heels and groin is
between 5 and 6 inches
4 inches or less
between 6 and 8 inches
between 4 and 5 inches
8 inches or more
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique requires
ballistic movement
a partner
the stretch reflex
equipment
strong muscles
The stretch reflex is initiated by
the golgi tendon
the myotatic reflex
static stretching
the muscle spindle
In stretching exercises, those that work from a supine position involve
Lying flat on your back face up
lying on your side
sitting in a straight-back chair with your feet flat on the floor
standing straight with your back flat against the wall
lying flat on your stomach face down
