Chapter 5: Pharmacodynamics

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What is the most accurate definition of pharmacodynamics?

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What is a frequency distribution curve?

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The following is information about a frequency distribution curve (since I couldn't find or make a picture I like). Please fill in the blanks.

A ❌ is a graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses. On the ❌ is the number of patients responding; on the ❌ is the dose of the medication. The ❌ of the curve indicates the largest number of patients responding to the drug. The dose in the middle of the curve represents the drug's ❌, which is the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.

Nurses should realize that the standard or average dose predicts a therapeutic response for only ❌ of the population. It is not enough to know the average dose; it's important to know when and how to request whether doses should be adjusted.

frequency distribution curve

Median toxicity dose

Graded dose response

Y axis

X axis

peak

bottom

median effective dose

graded dose-response

half

a quarter

3/4

median lethal dose

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A drug's median lethal dose is the dose of the drug that will be lethal in 50% of all animals.
A drug's median effective dose is the amount of the drug required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.
The therapeutic index is the ratio of a drug's median effective dose to the drugs median lethal dose.

When the median effective and median lethal doses are close together on a graph (like shown in the picture), what does that say about the drug?

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The median lethal dose is often determined in clinical trials.

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What does the graded dose response measure?

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The following is information about the graded dose-response relationship and the dose-response curve. Fill in the blanks with the correct information.

The graded-dose response relationship and the graded-dose response curve observes and measures the patient's at different of the drug. The 3 distinct phases are:

Phase 1: The portion of the curve. It indicates that few target cells have been affected by the drug.
Phase 2: The portion of the curve. This portion often shows a liner relationship between the of drug administered and he of response obtained from the patient.
Phase 3: A is reached in which increase the drug dose produces no additional therapeutic response. This is usually the point in which the drug has reached its , so giving a higher dose will have no effect.

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There are 2 fundamental ways to compare medications within therapeutic and pharmacologic classes.

( Potency, Efficacy ) is how much of a drug is needed to produce a therapeutic effect. Drugs that are more potent will produce a therapeutic effect at a ( lower, higher ) dose.
( Efficacy, Potency ) is the ( magnitude, amount ) of response that can be produced from a particular drug.

From a pharmacological perspective, ( efficacy, potency ) is the more important value.

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The cellular macromolecule that a drug binds to in order to initiate its effects is called its what?

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The vast majority of drug receptors are proteins.

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All drugs bind to an extracellular receptor

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What is a nonspecific cellular response?

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This is a fill in the blank problem about drug-receptor interactions. In simplest terms, a specific activity of the cell is either enhanced or inhibited.

When a drug binds to its receptor, it produces a response that the effect of the endogenous regulatory mechanism.
A drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance is called an . These drugs sometimes produce a greater maximal response than the endogenous chemical. A (or an agonist-antagonist drug) describes a medication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious, response than an agonist.

A drug that occupies a receptor and prevents the endogenous chemical from acting is called an . inhibit the effects of an agonist by changing pharmacokinetic forms.

Chapter 5: Pharmacodynamics

What is the most accurate definition of pharmacodynamics?

What is a frequency distribution curve?

The median lethal dose is often determined in clinical trials.

What does the graded dose response measure?

The cellular macromolecule that a drug binds to in order to initiate its effects is called its what?

The vast majority of drug receptors are proteins.

All drugs bind to an extracellular receptor

What is a nonspecific cellular response?

An unpredictable an unexplained drug reaction is called what?