BIOL 2P97

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CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

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CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

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___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.

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The energy in ATP is released during _______?

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Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

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The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.

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Gastrointestinal tract performs:

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Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?

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Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.

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Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.

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Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

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The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?

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Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

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In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.

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Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?

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Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?

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Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

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The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.

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Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?

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Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.

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______ refers to the loss of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum?

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Sweating utilizes which of the following mechanisms of heat loss?

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Which of the following transport mechanisms moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

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Primary active transport functions by taking energy via the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas secondary active transport functions by taking energy from stored ionic concentrations within the cell (aka concentration gradients).

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______ refers to all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.

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The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is the?

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The myenteric plexus can be found within the

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Which of the following enzymes is produced in the stomach?

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Glucagon is produced by the ______ in the pancreas.

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Which of the following nutrients could be used to sustain normal bodily function during months of starvation?

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______ refers to the transfer of heat between two touching objects

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Which of the following is not a property of carrier-mediated transport?

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The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as ______.

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Which of the following processes is used to move large molecules into a cell?

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______ increases blood glucose levels during the fasted state?

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Material present within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be external to the body.

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Glucagon is secreted by

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Which one of the following statements about glucose homeostasis is correct?

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Which of the following scenarios would be expected to cause weight gain.

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Energy metabolism occurs by taking oxygen and various carbon fuels in the form of fat, protein, or carbohydrates and breaking them down into ATP.

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_______ is an anabolic reaction that is fueled by ATP.

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ATP production occurs through ______.

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Substrate level phosphorylation is _______ .

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High energy electrons are stripped form macromolecules during glycolysis, CaC, and pyruvate oxidation and sent to undergo beta oxidation for additional ATP production.

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The starting material for glycolysis includes

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The end products of glycolysis include

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If oxygen is available, what happens to pyruvate?

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The citric acid cycle will not take pyruvate on its own - it must be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the cycle.

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Acetyl-CoA = carrying a pyruvate.
Coenzyme A = not carrying a pyruvate.

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When pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA an electron is taken from pyruvate to create an NADH.

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What happens to pyruvate if O2 is not present?

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In the process of pyruvate oxidation what are processes are involved:

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When pyruvate is converted into lactate is enters the blood and travels to the liver where it breaks down back into pyruvate - next pyruvate is broken into its substrates which form together into a 6-carbon glucose which is put back into the blood for glycolysis.

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What are the end products of one cycle through the citric acid cycle?

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In the electron transport chain redox reactions fuel proton pumps that move H+ ions against their concentration gradient which drives ATP synthase within the mitochondrial matrix - this is known as the proton motive force.

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Glycogenesis is the breakdown of fructose to create glucose.

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Where is glycogen mainly stored?

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Lipase breaks down triglycerides into

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When lipase breaks down a triglyceride what happens to its substrates?

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Beta oxidation takes a fatty acid and breaks it down into 2 carbon acyl groups. These groups are then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the CaC.

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Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from sugar.
Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from substrates.

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Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate are substrates used to create glucose in glucogenesis and this occurs mainly in the liver.

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What are the functions of the cellular membrane?

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Desmones are cytoskeletal elements (aka keratin filaments) that attached to a proteinaceious plaque on the inner surface of the cell membrane. What do they do?

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What do G-protein coupled receptors do?

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What are the four general functions of the digestive system?

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_____ is the movement of material from the lumen, into the cells, and into the extracellular fluid.

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Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.

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The stomach is made up of the ________

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What makes up the small intestine?

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What are the accessory organs?

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Which cells neutralize chyme through the secretion of bicarbonate.

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What are the glands responsible for producing saliva within the mouth?

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The gastric glands are made up of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and chief cells.

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The jujenum contains specialized structures that help protect the body from micro-organisms in food.

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CCK is secreted to decrease gastric motility and stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes when _____ is present.

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When _______ is present GIP and GLP-1 are released to stimulate insulin secretion.

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Secretin

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The large intestine can be divided into

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The hepatic portal vein prevents blood sugar from spiking by manipulating incoming nutrients before they go into circulation.

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What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

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Proteins must be broken down into peptides and amino acids for digestion and absorption.

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Type one diabetes is an autoimmune deficiency that results in the loss of pancreatic beta cells.

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What does protein digestion produce?

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What are lipids absorbed as

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Lipase and co-lipase are responsible for digesting triglycerides

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All substrates of lipids are digested within miscelles.

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Chylomicrons are made up of

Quiz am BIOL 2P97, erstellt von Kelly B am 14/04/2018.

CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.

The energy in ATP is released during _______?

Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.

Gastrointestinal tract performs:

Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?

Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.

Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.

Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?

Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.

Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?

Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?

Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.

Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?

Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.