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Melissa Dowd
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Nursing Mindmap am MS, erstellt von Melissa Dowd am 14/04/2018.

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Melissa Dowd
Erstellt von Melissa Dowd vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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MSPathophysiologyTreatmentSymptomsVision problemsTypesClinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)Earliest form of MSSingle episode of neurologicalsymptomsUnpredictable but clearly defined attacks(relapses) where new symptoms appear or existingsymptoms worsenComplete or near completerecovery (remissions) in betweenattacksLess distinction betweenrelapses and remissionSteady progression of disease,sometimes with plateausSlow accumulation of disabilitywithout defined relapsesMay stabilize and have temporaryperiod of improvement but noremission periodsChronic, progressive,degenerativeautoimmune diseaseof the CNSAttacks myelin of nerve fibers inthe brain and spinal cordCauses inflammation and edemaCauseunknownSuggested to be caused by a combination oflifestyle, environmental, genetic and biologicalfactorsHigher incidence in women than men (2:1)More prevalent in northern latitudesand caucasiansDisrupts nerveimpulsesGliosis in late stagesInflammation and edema resolves leaving diffuseplaques/ lesionsDamage (demyelination)No cureSpeed recovery from attacksSlow progressionReduce signs and symptomsCorticosteroidsPlasma exchangeImmunosuppressantsImmunomodulatorsOther drugsPhysical therapyOther drugsAlternative medicineLifestyle modificationsBalanced dietRegular exerciseRelaxation and stress reliefCooling down body temperatureYogaMeditationAcupunctureMassageAntidepressantsAntispasmodic agentsMuscle relaxantsCNS stimulantsCognitive rehabilitationOccupational therapySpeech/language pathologyNeuropsychologyAnticonvulsantsNSAIDs,Opioids,Nerve blocks,TCAsDiagnosisBlood testsLumbar puncture (spinal tap)Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)Evoked potential testsNeurological examinationGold standard fordiagnosisTo rule out other diseases with similar symptomsTo test for abnormalities in antibodies and rule out other infections and conditionsTo measure nerve impulsesTo detect tissue damage(lesions) in brain and spinal cordSpeech/ language problemsCognitive dysfunctionSpasticityBladder and boweldysfunctionDepressionPainSexual dysfunctionBlurred visionDouble visionIrregular eye movementsSlurringScanning/ disrupted speechNasal SpeechMuscle stiffnessMuscle twitchingAssistive devicesInvoluntary crossing of legsDifficulty performing tasksUncontrollable spasmsMuscle and joint deformitiesFatigueInhibited muscle growthInhibited protein synthesisLack of coordinationMuscle weaknessMemoryMoodAttention and concentrationExecutive functionsInformationprocessingDoppelklick auf diesen KnotenKlicke und ziehe diese Schaltfläche, um einen neuen Knoten zu erstellen