Which of the following medications must never be given to cats?
Acetaminophen
Carpofen
Meloxicam
Ketoprofen
The most common tumor in ferrets is which of the following?
Mast cell tumors
Feline mammary tumors
Insulinomas
Canine lymphomas
With an oxygen E tank, which of the following would be the approximate liters it would hold?
600 liters
7000 liters
1000 liters
100 liters
The autonomic nervous system provides the animal with the fight or flight response. Which of the following actions does the sympathetic nervous system perform?
Dilates pupils
Increases blood flow to the heart
Increases heart rate
All of the above
Which of the following is least appropriate for small animals in the post anesthetic period?
Give nothing by mouth for the first hour or two
Give no food for at least several hours
Instruct the client to introduce water gradually after arriving home
Introduce water immediately to prevent dehydration
Fentanyl induces respiratory depression, which may be offset when combined with which of the following?
Nalbuphine
Pentazocine
Droperidol
Buprenophine
The side effects of opioids include which of the following?
Vomiting
Migraines
Respiratory depression
Diarrhea
Which of the following is not listed as a miscellaneous antibiotic?
Bacitracin
Metronidazole
Rifampicin
Cephalosporin
One of the signs of acute abdomen is melena. Melena can best be described as which of the following?
Black, tarry stools
Hernia
Splenic torsion
Visceral perforation
There are many different ways for fluid administration. Which of the following routes of administration of fluids is often used in large animal patients, particularly equids?
Enteral
Intraosseous
Subcutaneous
Intramedullary
Solutions that resist pH changes when either acids or bases are added to the solution are called:
Suspensions
Syrups
Buffers
Solutes
An infection of the uterus is known as which of the following?
Pyometra
Dystocia
Uterine inertia
Uterine malposition
All of following are effects of clinical pain EXCEPT:
Decreased autonomic activity
Immunosuppression
Reduced healing
Increased tissue catabolism
It is sometimes difficult to get pets with advances renal failure to eat. Ways to encourage eating include each of the following EXCEPT:
Offering the food by hand
Feeding small, frequent meals
Serving food in a different dish or in a different room
Cooling the food in the refridgerator
Blood coagulation Factor II is also known as which of the following?
Fibrinogen
Calcium
Prothrombin
Hageman factor
If a horse has its mouth tightly clamped, which of the following could this be a sign of?
Pain
Aggression
Sexual behavior
Which of the following is not included in the anesthetic protocols?
Maintenance
Bathing
Anesthesia induction
Preanesthetic
Characterization of heart murmurs for cats and dogs is based on several criteria. A prominent, easily heard, murmur that radiates to other areas would be classified as which of the following grades?
1/6
2/6
3/6
4/6
Which of the following venipuncture sites is NOT a common site used for chelonians?
Radiohumoral plexus sinus
Jugular vein
Ventral aspect of the caudal tail vein
Subcarapcial venous sinus
In pregnant large animals, nutrition should gradually increase during what stage of pregnancy?
The first 2 weeks
The first 4 to 8 weeks
The last 3 to 4 weeks
The last 6 to 8 weeks
The binocular field view for dogs is
40 to 60 degrees
60 to 80 degrees
30 to 40 degrees
10 to 20 degrees
The cuff of an endotracheal tube must be gently inflated until a seal is formed between the tracheal and the cuff. If the cuff is under inflated, which of the following is least likely to be an effect of the under inflation?
Aspiration of stomach contents
Possibility of tracheal rupture
Pollution of work space with anesthetic gas
Difficulty in keeping the patient anesthetized
Each of the following statements about antitoxin is accurate except for:
Antitoxins produce immediate active immunity
An antitoxin neutralizes toxins produced by microorganisms
Immunity is short lived (7-14 days)
An antitoxin may contain preservatives
Hydromophone can be used with which of the following to provide greater sedation when needed?
Acepromazine
Burprenophine
Which of the following statements about seomas which can form after surgical procedures is lease accurate?
Seromas can form if extensive surgical dissection occurred beneath the incision
Seromas are localized areas of fluctuat swelling
Seromas are painful and warm to the touch
Seromas usually resolve without treatment in a few weeks
The instrument that has a pointy tip and looks like a shepherd's hook is which of the following?
Curette
Tartar forceps
Probe
Explorer
The physical examination of a patient includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Hematocrit
General body scoring
Evaluation of the cardiovascular system
Evaluation of the hepatic system
Narcosis is best described as which of the following?
Drug overdose
Drug toxicity
Unconsciousness induced by narcotics
Tissue death
When an animal comes to the clinic, which of the following terms is correct for the process or sorting the patients to determine the severity of their illnesses or injuries?
Emergency
Survey
Triage
Support
When considering laboratory safety, which of the following rules would not be correct?
Lab coats should be worn at all times
No pipetting by mouth
No eating or drinking in the lab
Storing food in the refrigerators in the lab is alright
Of the following medications, which one would be the one that might be given for an animal that is suffering from motion sickness?
Glycerin
Meclizine
Imodium
Apomoprhine
Perception of pain occurs in which of the following places?
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral receptors
None of the above
The Kirby-Bauer method (disc diffusion) of determining susceptibility of a bacterium is based on which of the following?
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Maximum inhibition
Zones of diffusion
Zones of inhibition
The acute encephalomyelitis rabies has which of the following incubation periods?
24 hours
5 to 7 days
21 to 80 days
30 days
In terms of positioning in dental work, buccal refers to which of the following?
Away from the midline in the dental arches
The biting surface of anterior teeth
The surface of the tooth nearest the cheek
Between adjoining surfaces of the teeth
Which breed of animal has 28 deciduous teeth that fall out and are replaced by 42 of their permanent teeth?
Cats
Dogs
Cattle
Horses
A shadowing artifact in ultrasonography occurs because of which of the following?
Refraction or bending of the sound beam
Cutting though the edge of a cystic structure and solid tissue
Inadequate sound beam penetration through a highly reflective substance
Passing through an area with few tissue interfaces
Which of the following hormones is produced by the islets of Langerhans?
Insulin
Bile
Glucagon
Both A and C
If an order states that a medication is to be applied to the right ear, it would be indicated by which of the following abbreviations?
AS
OS
AD
OD
Small animals must have protein made up of how many amino acids in their diet?
20 to 21
14 to 15
30 to 31
25 to 26
In a dog with Addison's disease, laboratory tests may show
An increase in amylase
An increase in potassium
Decrease in glucose
An increase in sodium
Birds have several types of feathers. The body feathers that provide surface coverage over most of the body of the birds are called:
Contour feathers
Flight feathers
Coverts
Secondary flight feathers
Large breed puppies should be totally weaned and be eating only a moistened dry or canned growth diet by how many weeks of age?
1 to 2 weeks
2 to 3 weeks
3 to 4 weeks
5 to 7 weeks
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic groups of nonabsorbable suture materials?
Organic
Braided synthetic
Polyglycolic acid
Monofilament synthetic
When ranking the echogenicity of small animal abdominal organs, which organ is the most echogenic?
Renal medulla
Liver
Renal cortex
Renal sinus fat
The surface of a mandibular or maxillary tooth facing the tongue is the
Lingual surface
Labial surface
Facial surface
Mesial surface
The distortion in size that occurs when the object is not parallel to the recording surface is known as which of the following?
Foreshortening
Hell effect
Minimizing effect
Maximizing effect
The concentration of a drug in the body must be such that the detrimental effects are minimized and the benefits are maximized. This is known as which of the following?
Therapeutifu range
Dosage regimen
Pharmacolinetics
Concentration
Of the following terms, which would be correct for the area in the oral cavity that is the surface towards the tongue?
Arch
Distal
Lingual
Buccal
When restraining a lizard, which of the following should you never do?
Hold the lizards head up
Pick the lizard up
Hold the lizard up by the tail
Muzzle the lizard
In terms of surgical staplers, the Ligaclip Stapler would be used for which of the following purposes?
Vessel ligation
Skin and fascia closures
Gastrointestinal anastomosis
Lung and liver lobe resection
There are three basic tissue types. Each of the following is a basic tissue type EXCEPT:
Epithelial
Rod cells
Mesenchymal
Round cells
Piglets are usually castrated at 1 to 2 weeks of age using open technique. Other procedures performed before or during this time include each other the following EXCEPT:
Injection of vitamin E and selenium
Iron dextran injection
Tail docking
Clipping of milk or needle teeth
In terms of neutralization therapy for respiratory care, which of the following statements is least accurate?
Neutralization therapy promotes bronchial drainage with minimal irritation
Neutralization promotes bronchial drainage by producing thick respiratory secretions
Neutralization can be accomplished by use of ultrasonic neutralizers
Neutralization therapy deposits large quantities of bland substances such as saline
The common abdominal incisions include all of the following EXCEPT:
Ventral midline incision
Paramedian incision
Median sternotomy
Flank incision
Which of the following radio graphic techniques is only used for mandibular cheek teeth in small animals?
Extra-oral technique
Parallel technique
Bisecting angle technique
Flat technique
Injecting a drug deep into the skin is which of the following types of administration?
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Intraperitoneal
The ideal way to store an endoscope is which of the following?
Wound up flat in an air-tight cabinet
Wound up flat in a well-ventilated cabinet
In a hanging position in an air-tight cabinet
In a hanging position in a well-ventilated cabinet
The most commonly used anticoagulant for blood samples is which of the following?
Sodium citrate
Heparin
EDTA
Which of the following is NOT included in the granulocyte grouping in terms of white blood cells?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
With metric conversions, which of the following would be the appropriate conversion for converting 1 kg to grams?
1 kg = 10,000 gm
1 kg = 100gm
1 kg = 1000 gm
1 kg = 16gm
By law, all drugs approved for use in food animals have a mandated period after drug administration during which the animal cannot be sent to market for slaughter and the eggs or milk must be discarded. This is known as which of the following?
Danger zone
Withdrawal time
Toxicity time
Safe time
The National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements recommends that the dose of radiation for ocupationally exposed persons not exceed which of the following per year?
10 REM
8 REM
5 REM
2 REM
Of the following, which is not one of the common anesthetic machine parts?
Pressure regulator valve
Vaporizer
Drain pipe
Oxygen source
The mechanical device for restraining cattle that consists of a head gate without sidebars is which of the following?
Halter
Squeeze chute
Stanchion
Hobble
Which of the following instruments is used for crushing, as clamping of blood vessels?
Tissue forceps
Retractors
Homeostatic forceps
Needle holders
Platelets are cell-like particles in the blood. They perform a critical role in the clotting process to repair damaged blood vessels. Which of the following situations would cause a large increase in the number of platelets?
Autoimmune disease
Blood clotting disorders
Bone marrow problems
Injury
Musculoskeletal injuries are the second most common emergencies in equine medicine. The region of a mid-forelimb fracture would include which of the following?
Radius and elbow
Humerus and scapula
Mid to proximal metacarpus and carpus
Distal metacarpus, proximal and middle phalanges, and sesamoid bones
Respiratory tract injury can occur from excessive circuit pressure. This is known as which of the following?
Scavenging
Barotrauma
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Which of the following statements about blood pressure monitoring is least accurate?
Systolic blood pressure is the maximum force caused by contraction of the left ventricles of the heart
Direct blood pressure can be measured by ultrasonic techniques
The most common method of indirect blood pressure monitoring uses oscilometric
Direct blood pressure pressure monitoring is the most accurate method
Insulin is usually classified according to which of the following?
Its duration of action
Its dosage form
Its actual dosage
Its means of administration
When preparing an animal for surgery, which of the following would be least important
Identify the patient
Identify the surgery that is to be done
Identify the owner
Identify the surgical site
The presence of fibrin in a blood sample can clog analyzer tubing or can falsely alter the measured amount of an analyte. Leaving serum on the clot for longer than one hour will result in which of the following?
Increased choesterol
Increased creatinine
Decreased glucose concentration
Alterations in enzymes
Of the following, which medication would be the safest to use with a patient that has a history of cardiovascular depression?
Medetomidine
Xylazine
Diazepam
Detomidine
You should always use a grid between the patient and the film cassette when the body part being x-rayed is greater than
10 cm thick
7.5 cm thick
5 cm thick
4 cm thick
Which of the following is not a type of round cell tumor?
Mast cells
Plasma cells
Spindle cells
Lymphocytes
When talking about the tooth surfaces, which of the following would be the surface of the canines and incisors that face the lips?
Palatal
Labial
Mesial
A physical assessment should be performed immediately before any anesthetic is administered to uncover any problems that may increase patient risk or may necessitate a change in patient management. Cachexia is one of this physical findings. Cachexia is defined as which of the following?
Weak or irregular pulse
Weight loss or loss of muscle mass
Abnormal lung sound
Change in consciousness
Pain is classified as all but which of the following?
Idiopathic
Peripheral
Deleterious
Neuropathic
If you pick up a ferret by the scruff of its neck, which of the following occurs?
The ferret goes to sleep
The ferret yawns and then hangs limply
The ferret will die
The sterilization method most often used for heat- and moisture-sensitive items is:
Ozone
Gas plasma
Flash
Steam
If there is a need to administer activated charcoal to an animal, which of the following actions would be correct about its action?
Away frin the fom the midline in the dental arches
Slow pupillary light reflexes and normal to reduced oculocephalic reflexes would be given which of the following brain stem reflex scores in terms of the Modified Glasgow Coma Score?
5
3
6
2
Opioids can be classified as agonists, partial agonists, mixed agonist-antagonist, and antagonists. Which of the following drugs would be classified as a pure agonist?
Oxymorphone
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Naxalone
Of the following medications, which is the leading halogenated hydrocarbon gas used in the veterinarian medicine field?
Sevoflurane
Arrane
Fluothane
Ketamine
A bacteriostatic disinfectant does which of the following?
Inhibits growth of bacteria
Inhibits growth of viruses
Kills fungi
Kills bacteria
The tidal volume (VT) is the amount of air that passes into or out of the lungs during a normal breath. Normal VT is about
1 to 5 mL/kg body weight
15 to 25 mL/kg body weight
5 to 10 mL/kg body weight
10 to 15 mL/kg body weight
Which of the following is a synthetic agonist-antagonist that reverses sedation but not analgesia?
Fentanyl
Tepoxalin
Which of the following statements about inhalant anesthetics is least accurate?
Inhalant anesthetics come in different potencies.
The potency of an inhalant anesthetic is measured by the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC).
The higher the MAC number, the higher the potency of the gas.
Halogenated hydrocarbons and nitrous oxide are commonly used in veterinary medicine.
Broth dilution uses dilution of antimicrobial agents in liquid culture to determine the lowest mount of antimicrobial that will inhibit growth of the bacterium being tested. This is known as which of the following?
Disc diffusion
Breakpoint
Antimicrobial suspeceptibility
You have given a cow a small volume of water PO. This is known as which of the following?
Origastric administration
Pasting
Drenching
Docking
During surgery, the pain is actually not perceived. The pain impulses travel to the spinal cord and build-up. During recovery this can cause a phenomenon that can actually make the pain can intensify. Which of the following would be the correct term for this phenomenon?
Wind-up
Multimodal
Preemptive
Wind-down
A Michel clip is a type of:
Surgical mesh
Skin staple
Suture
Which of the following drugs has been used to control hyperthyroidism in cats by blocking the thyroid tumor’s ability to produce T3 and T4?
Methimazole
Protamine zinc
Prednisone
Oxytocin
Which of the following statements about time gain compensation (TGC) in ultrasound equipment is least accurate?
The purpose of TGC is to make like tissues look alike.
The intensity of the sound increases progressively as it returns from deeper tissues.
The typical controls that make up the TGC are near field gain and far field gain.
The near field gain controls the amount of electronic gain added to the sound returning from the near field.
A horse with excessive sweating, nervousness, abdominal distress, reluctance to walk or move, stiff gait, and coffee colored urine is showing clinical signs of which of the following diseases?
Equine metabolic syndrome
Choke
Colic
Rhabdomyolysis
The formation of calculi within the urinary tract of cattle is called
Water belly
Uremia
Urolithiasis
Urethral necrosis
When feeding a dog or cat, which of the following recommendations would not be correct?
Do not feed more than one animal from a single bowl
Change the animals diet every month
Do not overfeed
Only about 10% of an animals diet should consists of treats
Which of the following common causes of colic in a horse is most likely to require surgery?
Colitis
Gas accumulation
Torsions
Parasites
To estimate the degree of dehydration in an animal you might assess capillary refill time. The normal rate is less than how many seconds?
4