A pseudocoelome is found in the following phylum
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Annelida
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Which of the following have only one opening to the digestive tract (they do NOT have an anus)?
Both Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes
Both Cnidaria and Annelida
Which of the following is NOT a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes?
Roundworm
Earthworm
Flukes
Tapeworms
Both roundworm and earthworm
Which phylum do we first see muscles and nerves in their simplest form?
Protozoa
Nematoda (roundworms)
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Sponges
Cnidaria (jellyfish, etc.)
Which are characteristics of vertebrates?
Open blood circulation
Pharyngeal (gill) slits
Dorsal hallow nerve cord
Open blood circlulation, pharyngeal slits, and dorsal hallow nerve cord.
Pharyngeal slits and dorsal hallow nerve cord
Which of the following does NOT possess an amniotic egg?
Fishes
Amphibians
Fishes and amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
The only taxonomic category that exists in nature is:
Species
Genus
Family
Class
Phylum
A new plant species is discovered in a tropical rain forest. It has flagellated sperms, xylem with vessels, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations, and no seeds. Which plant is it most related to?
Mosses
Conifers
Ferns
Liverworts
Which of the following statements on the biology of mosses is FALSE?
They can grow in very harsh environments
A symbiosis between a moss and a fungus is known as lichen
They can tolerate drying out
Peat is a by-product of the growth of certain mosses
Mosses lack a vascular system
In the life cycle of all plants, there is alteration of generations. Which of the following is true?
Haploid sporophytes make haploid spores
Gametophytes produce spores that develop into gametes
Sporophytes and gametophytes are typically similar in appearance
Meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores
In plants, the gametophytes is diploid
Which of the following is an example of gill fungus?
Agaricus
Yeast
Rhizopus
Phytophthora
Ulva
The sexual stage of Rhizopus is called:
Sporangiophore
Zygosporangium
Septa
Hyphae
Zoospore
Laminaria belongs to the phylum:
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta
Bryophyta
Anthophyta
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive cycle is FALSE?
Progesterone is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum
Testosterone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
LH triggers ovulation
LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Oestrogens and progesterone help maintain the endometrium (lining) of the uterus
The functional unit of the kidney is called:
Cortex
Vasa recta
Nephron
Bladder
Glomerulus
In the nervous system, the mylein sheath:
Is not a feature of the vertebrate nervous system
Wraps around a neurons dendrites
Is present on motor, but not sensory neurons
Helps electrical signals in neurons conduct more quickly
Produces electrical signals
The delay of 0.1 second at the AV node is:
To allow the ventricles to fill
To allow the atria to fill
To allow blood to get to the feet and arms before another contraction occurs
To allow the ventricles to empty
None of the above
Which of the following statements are FALSE?
As the partial pressure of oxygen decreases, haemoglobin gives up its oxygen more readily.
As the partial pressure of oxygen increases, haemoglobin gives up its oxygen more readily.
Higher temperature causes haemoglobin to give up oxygen more readily
Increased acidity causes haemoglobin to give up oxygen more readily
Each red blood cells contain about 280,000,000 haemoglobin molecules
Gastrin is a hormone that regulates:
Digestive secretions from the pancreas
Digestive secretions in the stomach
Glucose storage in the liver
Water re-absorption in the kidney
Heart rate
Type II diabetes is associated with:
Insulin deficiency or reduced response of target cells
Overproduction of glucagon
Overproduction of insulin
Inability to absorb glucose across the small intestine wall
RNA differs from DNA, in that RNA:
Contains ribose as its sugar
Is found only in the cytoplasm
Contains uracil instead of thymine
Contains ribose as its sugar and contains uracil instead of thymine
Contains ribose as its sugar, is found only in the cytoplasm and contains uracil instead of thymine
If one strand of DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the other strand would have the sequence:
3'-TAACGT-5'
3'-UAACGU-5'
3'-TUUCGU-5'
3'-TAAGCT-5'
3'-TUUGCT-5'
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AGT. The corresponding codon for mRNA transcribed is:
AGT
UCA
TCA
AGU
Either UCA or TCA, depending on the wobble in the first base.
A recessive allele on the X chromosome is responsible for red-green color blindness in humans. A woman with normal vision whose father is color blind, marries a man whose color blind. What is the probability the couple's son will also be color blind?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
In a population which is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.4. What is the percentage of the population which is heterozygous Aa for this allele?
0.16
0.20
0.48
0.60
Cannot tell with this information
Which of the following is associated with an open circulatory system?
Haemocoel
High pressure
Energetic flow
Blood, arteries, and veins
Which of the following is associated with a closed circulatory system?
Sluggish flow
Low pressure
haemocoel
The vena cava carries:
De-oxygenated blood away from the heart
Oxygenated blood towards the heart
De-oxygenated blood towards the heart
Oxygenated blood away from the heart
The aorta flows out from:
The right ventricle
The left ventricle
The right atrium
The left atrium
The vena cava flows into:
What vessel carries blood towards the lungs?
The vena cava
The pulmonary vein
The pulmonary artery
The aorta
Name the types of blood in your cells:
Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets
Red blood cells, White blood cells, haemoglobin
White blood cells, Platelets, haemocoel
White blood cells, haemocoel, Plasma
Name the order of layers that form in centrifuged blood?
Red blood cells on top, White blood cells and platelets in centre, plasma on the bottom
Red blood cells on the bottom, White blood cells and platelets in centre, plasma on the top
Red blood cells on top, White blood cells and platelets on the bottom, plasma in the centre
Red blood cells on top, White blood cells and platelets on the bottom, plasma in the centre There is no order when centrifuged and can vary
What is the main function of the red blood cells?
To enable clotting
To fight off infection
To carry oxygen
All of the above
Would red blood cells enable you to carry out DNA Analysis?
Yes
No
Where oxygen pressure is high, Hb takes up oxygen
Where oxygen pressure is low, Hb gives up oxygen
Where oxygen pressure is high, Hb gives up oxygen
What are the two main types of White blood cell?
neutrophils and lymphocytes
neutrophils and basophils
basophils and lymphocytes
basophils and monocytes
If I am blood group A , what type of blood group(s) can I receive and who can I donate blood to?
Receive from A,O Donate to A, AB
Receive from A,B Donate to A, AB
Receive from A,AB, Donate to A,O
Receive from AB, O, Donate to AB, O
What blood group is the universal donor and what group is the universal recipient?
Universal Donor O, Universal Recipient O
Universal Donor AB, Universal Recipient O
Universal Donor O, Universal Recipient AB
Universal Donor AB, Universal Recipient AB
Which is the correct flow through the heart?
Vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, Aorta, body/brain
Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, Aorta, body/brain
Aorta, left atrium, right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, Vena cava, body/brain
Aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, Vena cava, body/brain
What are the first 2 major divisions of the nervous system?
Voluntary and Involuntary
Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division
Somatic and Autonomic
Central and Peripheral
Which are the following statements is FALSE?
Neurons carry electrical signals
Glial cells support the neurons in a variety of ways
Glial cells can also carry electrical signals
A Schwann cells is a type of Glial Cell
I touch a hot surface and immediately withdraw my hand, how is this best described?
An afferent reaction
An efferent reaction
An efferent reaction first and then a afferent reaction
An afferent reaction first and then a efferent reaction
Briefly explain the term ‘Resting Potential’
There is mainly Na+ outside cell & mainly K+ inside
There is mainly K+ outside cell & mainly Na+ inside
There are equal amounts of K+ & Na+ outside & inside the cell
The Resting Potential is not influenced by K+ & Na+
What are the connections between neurons?
Synapses
Dendrites
Axon
Neurotransmitter
What is sensory transduction?
The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice versa).
The conversion of a sensory stimulus from one form to another.
Different sensitivities due to different photopigments.
An action potential in presynaptic cell causes it to release neurotransmitter e.g. acetylcholine (ACh)
Explain the term accommodation (regarding sight)
My humble abode :)
Having Rods and Cones residing in your eyes
Having different sensitivities due to different photopigments
Explain the difference between a cone and a rod?
Cones are for colour vision and rods are for black and white
Cones are for summer and rods are for fishing
Cones are for black and white vision, rods are for colour
Cones are for bright lights and rods are for dim lights
Which of the following is in the correct order?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
Kingdom, class, order, phylum, family, genus, species
Kingdom, order, phylum, class, family, species, genus Kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species
Who introduced the method of scientific naming called binomial nomenclature?
Linnaeus
Mayr Watson Crick
Darwin
Mayr
Watson
Crick
The biologist who proposed the biological species concept is:
The eukaryotes belong to 3 monophyletic Kingdoms & 1 paraphyletic kingdom, name these
Prokaryotes, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protists
Protists, Prokaryotes, Fungi, Plantae
Protists, Prokaryotes, Fungi, Animalia
What distinguishes a protist from a protozoan?
Protists are single celled
Protists are a type of protozoan
Protozoans are a type of protist
Protists are prokaryotes
Which of the following characteristics of the Protists are correct?
Can be single celled or multicellular
Groups include protozoans and algae
Specific single celled examples include amoeba, paramecium and plasmodium
Slime moulds are part of this group
All the above are true
What phylum do the sponges belong to?
Protists
Animalia
Porifera
Which of these only includes terms associated with the Cnidaria
Hydra, medusa, spicules, polyp, nerve net, muscles
Polyp, medusa, collar cells, protist
Cnidoblasts, unicellular, single celled, polyp, nerve net, muscles,
Cnidoblasts, medusa, polyp, hydra, nerve net, muscles, multicellular
Animals found within the Phylum Cnidaria include:
Jellyfish, coral, sponge, starfish, Urchin
Coral, anemone, Hydra, sea cucumber
Jellyfish, coral, sponge,anemone, hydra
Anemone, jellyfish, coral, hydra,
Jellyfish, Anemone, Coral and Nemo
What method of reproduction do green algae use under optimum conditions?
Sexual
Asexual
Nonsexual
Bisexual
What is the dominant phase in the life cycle of Lamina digitata?
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Phaeophyte
Chorophyte
Rhodophyte
Which of the following are correct?
Fungi is able to photosynthesise like plants
Fungi are white
Fungi does not live off the shores of Dingle
Fungi is a kingdom with both unicellular and multicellular species
Fungi have a prokaryotic cell structure
What is Karyogamy?
Fusion of the cytoplasm
Fusion of the nuclei
Fusion of the cell wall
Fungi fusion
Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes by a process of:
Exosymbiosis
Entersymbiosis
Indosymbiosis
Symbiosis
Endosymbiosis
Explain the ‘Alternation of Generations’
Haploid organism (sporophyte) makes zygote diploid organism (gametophyte), which makes sex cells haploid organism (gametophyte)
Haploid organism (gametophyte) makes sex cells diploid organism (sporophyte), which releases spores haploid organism (gametophyte)
Haploid organism (gametophyte) makes sex cells diploid organism (sporophyte), which releases zygotes diploid organism (gametophyte)
None of these are correct
Which of the following are not reliant on water to reproduce?
Bryophytes
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Both Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
I lack true conducting tissues, leaves and roots. My gametophyte is my dominant phase and my sporophyte is dependent upon it. I require water for fertilization so I need to grow in moist or seasonally moist habitats. What am I?
Algae
Angiosperm
Bryophyte
Fern
Gymnosperm
I have true conducting tissues (xylem and phloem), leaves, stems and roots. My sporophyte is the dominant phase and the gametophyte is much reduced. What am I?
Algae or a Angiosperm
Bryophyte or a fern
Gymnosperm or Fern
What is an example of a seedless, vascular plant?
Is a Daffodil is a Monocot or a Dicot?
Monocot
Dicot
What is the function of Lignin?
Transports water and dissolved minerals
Transports food
Plays a role in conducting water in plant stems
Allows gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapour, and oxygen to move rapidly into and out of the leaf
Which of these is False?
The dominant stage of an angiosperm is the sporophyte The dominant stage of a bryophyte is the gametophyte The dominant stage of a gymnosperm is the sporophyte The dominant stage of a fern is the gametophyte
The dominant stage of an angiosperm is the sporophyte
The dominant stage of a bryophyte is the gametophyte
The dominant stage of a gymnosperm is the sporophyte
The dominant stage of a fern is the gametophyte
The Base G always bonds to Base C ?
True
False
Ribose is.....
A basic amino acid
The building block of DNA
The sugar in RNA nucleotides
The sugar in DNA nucleotides
A fatty acid incorporated into triacylglycerols
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
In DNA the base A pairs with the base T
In DNA the base C pairs with the base G
In DNA the base U pairs with the base A
In RNA the base U is used instead of base T
In DNA base pairing follows Chargaff’s rule
What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide?
Nucleotides have phosphates
Nucleosides have phosphates
Nucleotides have 2 bases
Nucleosides have 2 bases
Where would you find an anticodon?
mRNA
tRNA
in a protein
in a ribosome
Where would you find a codon?
What does tRNA help to do?
Copy mRNA
Join the large and small subunits
Carry genetic information
Put amino acids in the right place
At which site does tRNA enter the large subunit?
A
P
E
None
Which sections carry genes?
Introns
Exons
Which statement is FALSE?
Mitosis results in 2 diploid cells
Meiosis results in 4 haploid cells
Meiosis results in 2 haploid cells
Mitosis occurs in somatic cells
An Allele is...
The position of a gene on a chromosome
An alternative form of a gene
The sum of an individual’s genetic information
Only visible in the F1 generation
A locus is....
The position of an allele on a chromosome
Singular of loci
The same for two alleles of the same gene on homologous chromosomes
The frequency of crossing over between any two linked genes is:
Higher if they are recessive
Difficult to predict
Determined by their relative dominance
The same as if they were not linked
Proportional to the distance between them
Platyhelminthes are:
Tripoblastic coelomates
Dipoblastic coelomates
Tripoblastic acoelomates
Dipoblastic acoelomates
What is true of Nematoda?
They have a circulatory system
They lack an alimentary canal
Includes earthworms
Have an alimentary canal, but lack a circulatory system
Nematoda are...
Dipoblastic psuedocoelomates
Tripoblastic psuedocoelomates
Annelida are...
Radially symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Bilaterally symmetrical
Molluscs are.....
