Vitreous body

Conjunctiva

How do you assess the conjunctival membrane?

Sclera

Chorioid

Retina

Rods

How long does it take for rods to adjust in the darkness?

Cones

Fovea

Macular degeneration

Optic Nerve

Optic Disc

Cornea

Lens

Anterior Chamber

Pupil

Iris

Zonule

Ciliary Body

Cataracts

What are the consequences of cataracts?

What can cause gradual loss of vision?

Glucose build up in anterior chamber can result in loss of visual acuity and can damage the retina

Drug side effects:

Ethambutol

Drug side effects:

Thioridazine

Drug side effects:

Corticosteroids

Drug side effects:

Rifampin

Effects of allergies
Medication allergies (mycins)

Risk factors

Myopia

Hyperopia

Astigmatism

Presbyopia

Describe eye chart exam procedure

Explain Snellen numbers
Explain Diopter numbers

Rosenbaum chart

Confrontation Test

Inner/Outer Canthus

Limbus

Upper palpebral Fold

Caruncle

Lacrimal gland

Lacrimal Sac

Conjunctival Nevus

Xanthelasma

Ptosis

Lice infestation

Stye (Acute hordeolum)

Chalazion

Blepharitis

Symptoms, Signs, and Causes of Conjunctivitis

Pinguecula

Keratitis

Arcus senilus

What do punctual plugs do?

Conjunctivitis sicca

Pupil Test:

Response to Light

Pupil Test:

Accommodation

What can cause miosis? (Pupil constriction)

What can cause Mydriasis? (pupil dilation)

Eye moves towards Nose

Eyes move toward ear

Eyes rotating toward nose

Eyes rotating toward ear

Eyes moving upward

Eyes moving downward

Explain corneal light reflex test and what it tests for

Lack of parallelism of the visual axes of eyes. What is this called? What are its causes? What are the tests to determine this condition?

Lazy eye towards middle

Lazy eye towards ear (outward)

Explain the Cover-Uncover test

Explain H test and what it tests for.

Nystagmus

Describe the Convergence test.

When should you use the small aperture on ophthalmoscope?

When should you use the large aperture on ophthalmoscope?

When should you use the fixation aperture on ophthalmoscope?

When should you use the slit/streak aperture on ophthalmoscope?

When should you use the cobalt filter aperture on ophthalmoscope?

What structure should you examine last during a fundoscopic exam?

T/F: When performing a fundoscopic exam, when you see the vasculature, veins are located in front of arteries.

What causes focal narrowing?

What is a "copper wire" vascular change?

What is a "silver wire" vascular change?

How much of the blood vessel should the light reflex take up?

What is arterio-venous nicking?

What can happen to the fundus in a hypertensive patient?

What can happen to fundus in a diabetic patient?