According to Rapoport's rule:
species in the tropics have higher productivity than those elsewhere
species in temperate areas have smaller ranges than those in the tropics
species in the tropics are more specialized than those elsewhere
there is more competition among tropical species than temperate species
none of the above
Most of the energy in an ecosystem:
goes into the ground as organic matter
is passed on to the next trophic level
ends up as new growth
is lost as respiratory heat
Which of the following diseases is most likely to increase in Europe because of global warming?
polio
tuberculosis
AIDS
malaria
smallpox
which of the following situations is not an example of density-dependent mortality in response to some disease?
4000 individuals and 200 died; 6000 individuals and 300 died
6000 individuals and 100 died; 3000 individuals and 100 died
7000 individuals and 1000 died; 2000 individuals and 200 died
1000 individuals and 400 died; 2000 individuals and 400 died
all are examples of density
dependent mortality
Which of the following situations involves biological control?
dingos killing kangaroos in Australia
the bubonic plague killing hundreds of thousands of Europeans in 1348
/Cactoblastis/ control of /Opuntia/ in Australia
Ranchers killing invasive rabbits in Australia
During periods of global cooling, you would expect insect species in Argentina to move _____ and _______.
southward, lower elevations
northward, higher elevations
northward, lower elevations
southward, higher elevations
The level of cesium 137 in the herbivores of an ecosystem is 0.03 ppm. The cesium 137 level in carnivores is 30 ppm. The level of cesium 137 in carnivores is _________ times greater than in herbivores.
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Which of the following is a requirement for a species diversity gradient?
tropical climate
low precipitation
change in longtitude
change in the environment in space
The greenhouse gas responsible for the depletion of atmospheric ozone is:
carbonic acid
carbon dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide
chlorofluorocarbon
The amount of energy captured per unit area per unit time is a measure of the wheat's:
gross primary productivity
net primary productivity
cellular respiration
ecological efficiency
rate of respiration
If two species were competing and one did not drive the other to extinction, we may assume that:
the species were competing for the same resources
the K value for each species would be less than if the species were growing alone
the fundamental niches of both species contracted
the realized niches of both species expand to compensate for the presence of the other
As the number of species decreases on an island, the extinction rate ________ while the immigration rate __________.
increases, decreases
decreases, decreases
increases, increases
decreases, increases
When we check out eggshell thickness in many European bird species, we will see a that a marked decline began in _________ due to DDT use.
the late 1920s
the late 1930s
the late 1940s
the mid 1950s
the early 1980s
Hunter-gatherer and agricultural societies tend to __________ diversity in culturally unimportant species relative to the scientific community.
underdifferentiate
hypodifferentiate
overdifferentiate
mesodifferentiate
hyperdifferentiate
Which of the following pairs would be features of a nuclear winter?
acid rain, increase in temperature
reduced light, reduced levels of soil nutrients
reduced light, reduced temperature
reduced oxygen levels in atmosphere, increased nitrogen levels in the atmosphere
If the earth cooled a significant number of degrees, the biome we see throughout Tennessee would become a:
coniferous forest
grassland
chaparral
desert
Metabolic rates per gram of tissue are higher in __________ than in ________.
lions, squirrels
bears, cats
mice, deer
cows, rats
The climax species at Glacier Bay is the:
beech
maple
spruce
pine
The plants of 64-million years old fossils found in Colorado are similar to plants found today in:
Pennsylvania
Indonesia
Iraq
Japan
Argentina
The most productive ecosystem of those listed below is:
temperate forest
swamps and estuaries
temperate grassland
ocean
Based on the number of species already described and additional information, there are likely to be between _________ million species of all kinds on the face of the earth today
1-2
3-4
5-10
20-25
30-40
According to World Conservation Union (IUCN), one of the following pairs of species is threatened with extinction. Which pair?
orangutans and gorillas
chimpanzees and lemurs
polar bears and brown bears
lions and tigers
The term "reproductive effort" refers to:
the percentage of energy capture by photosynthesis that is allocated to growth
the number of calories it takes for plants to produce flowers, fruits, and seeds
the proportion of the respiratory heat that does into reproduction
the ratio of reproductive productivity to the gross productivity
Acid rain contains:
hydrochloric and nitric acids
sulfuric and lactic acids
acetic and boric acids
nitric and sulfuric acids
