Movement Joints

Joints are where there are two or more bones joined together; most are flexible but some cannot move.

There are three types of joints:

Hinge joints - For movement back and forward E.g. Knee & Elbow

Ball & Socket joints - For movement in all directions E.g. Hips & Shoulders

Fixed Joint - Do not allow any movement E.g. Skull

Muscles

Muscles are found all over the body. They are a type of tissue as they are made up of lots of muscles cells that work to cause movement.

How can you measure muscle strength?

The force of a muscle can be measured by how much force it exerts.

You can measure the force of a muscle using a Newton Scale. The unit of force is Newtons.

Types of Muscles

How do Muscles work?

Muscles contract (get shorter)

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. If they contract and they are attached to a bone the bone will move.

How do pairs of muscles work together?

At each joint a pair of muscles works together to cause movement. These are known as antagonistic muscles

For example, the biceps and triceps are a pair of antagonistic muscles. They are used to bend and straighten your arm at the elbow joint.

The biceps contract and the triceps relax.

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Structure and function of body systems