Igneous Rock
-formed by the cooling of molten magma either intrusively or extrusively by volcanic activity
-some characteristics are: composed of interlocking crystals resistant to erosion

Metamorphic Rock
-formed by the alteration of pre-existing igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks by heat or pressure.
- some characteristics are that it is crystaline
-EG: marble,gneiss

Sedimentry Rocks
-formed by the compaction or cementation of sediments usually deposited in the sea
-some characteristics are that it often contain fossils and that it is weaker than igneous and metamorphic rocks
- EG: limestone, chalk, clay

Dip slope
River/ stream
dry valley

Granite is found mostly in SW England and NE Scotland in the form of tors

Most commonly, an escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. When sedimentary beds are tilted and exposed to the surface, erosion and weathering may occur differentially based on the composition. Less resistant rocks will erode faster, retreating until the point they are overlain by more resistant rock. When the dip of the bedding is gentle, a cuesta is formed.
Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This can occur in dip-slip faults, or when a strike-slip fault brings a piece of high ground adjacent to an area of lower ground.