‘‘This type of facility is extremely advantageous for research activities that require props and material that are difficult to transport from house to house’’.
Which type of interview caters for such facility discussed above?
A Telephone interviews
B Personal interviews
C Mall intercept interviews
D Self-administered questionnaires

Identify the four (4) main measurement scales often applied in research.
A Ordinal, statistical, interval and ratio
B Ratio, ordinal, nominal, and labels
C Nominal, ordinal, ratio, and interval
D Labels, nominal, statistical and ratio

The Manager at Shoprite Retail Supermarket intends to carry out customer research and constructs a questionnaire for use. One of the questions states: How many times did you shop at Shoprite in the last 30 days? What measurement is the manager applying?
A Nominal scale
B Ordinal scale
C Ratio scale
D Interval scale

Observing study units in person and carrying out a research survey are traditional ways of collecting which kind of data?
A Personal data
B Primary data
C Secondary data
D Cross section data

An example of time series data would be:
A Annual data on the inflation rate in South Africa from 1990-2005
B Inventory of all ice cream boxes at Checkers Store in Sea Point today
C List of marks obtained by all students in Applied Research Class for the November 2016 Summative Assessment
D Closing price of the Rand to the US Dollar on 31 December 2016

This bias involves a tendency to agree (or disagree with) all or most questions_______.
A Extremity bias
B Interview bias
C Social desirability bias
D Acquiescence bias

John is a keyboard operator who works at Logitech, a well-known technology company. He mistakenly skipped a questionnaire because of negligence. What type of administrative error is this known as?
A Interviewer cheating
B Sample selection error
C Data-processing error
D Interviewer error

Consumers responded favourably to survey questions about pump baseball gloves (the pump inserts air into the pocket of the glove, providing more cushioning). However, when these expensive gloves hit the market, they sat on the shelves. This is an example of:
A Extremity Bias
B Interviewer Bias
C Acquiescence Bias
D Social Desirability Bias

Which quantitative method is used by a market researcher when analysing data on consumer spending habits to identify factors that may explain particular purchasing patterns, such as a preference for certain type of products? A. Regression analysis
B. Data mining
C. Factor Analysis
D. Linear programming

Generally, study participants have a right to be informed of the purpose of the research. However there may be cases where asserting this right defeats the purpose of the research. Which ethical principle is applied in order for this right to be permitted the research to be conducted?
A Invasion of privacy
B Deception
C Placebo
D The Hawthorne Effect

Johnson, a researcher, wants to select 1000 participants from the entire population of South Africa. It is, however, likely impossible to get a complete list of everyone. Instead, he randomly selects areas (i.e. cities or province) and randomly selects from within those boundaries.
What type of sampling is likely to be used?
A Simple random sampling
B Cluster sampling
C Systematic sampling
D Stratified sampling

Many ethical issues apply to survey research and these include:
A The use of deception
B The need for dishonesty in collecting data
C The need for subjectivity in reporting data
D The respondent’s right to be deceptive

Field editing is used to:
A Check legibility of handwriting for open-ended responses
B Clarify responses that are conceptually consistent and illogical
C Organising of data
D Identify responses omitted on an interview form.

_____ refers to the idea that if data is collected improperly, or coded incorrectly, your results are ‘garbage’.
A Data integrity
B Obvious errors
C ‘Garbage in, garbage out’
D Coding

____ is the deviation of the selected sample from the true characteristics, traits, behaviors, qualities or figures of the entire population.
A Sampling units
B Sampling error
C Quota sampling
D Convenience sampling

Gilbert works as a Projects Director for Kings Pharmaceutical Company. His Research and Development Department has made a breakthrough drug invention for HIV and AIDS treatment. Everybody is excited about going into the manufacturing of this product. He needs to take up the proposal for approval with the Board of Directors. How would he collect the evidence to justify the economic sense of adding this new product to the company?
A Do a break-even analysis
B Do a cost based pricing method analysis
C Do a feasibility study
D Do a cost benefit analysis

‘This approach not only analyses conversation, but also takes into account the social context in which the conversation occurs including previous conversations, power relationships and the concept of individuals identity’.
What form of analysis is this?
A Social network analysis
B Discourse analysis
C Narrative analysis
D Grounded analysis

Which quantitative method is best suited to give predictive results on the likely effect of one variable on another in business? For example, John the sales manager want to know if sales promotion will have an effect on sales volume and if it does to what extent.
A Linear programming
B Data mining
C Regression analysis
D Factor analysis

Which of the following terms below involves a trial run with a group of respondents to iron out fundamental problems in the instructions or design of a questionnaire?
A Mail Survey
B Survey
C Pretesting
D Interactive communication

Which of the following terms is an advantage of personal interviews?
A Anonymity
B Opportunity for feedback
C Interviewer influence
D Not time consuming

The following are all important limitations of statistics except:
A Statistics cannot be misused.
B Statistics does not study individuals
C Statistical laws are not exact
D Statistics does not study qualitative phenomena

With regards to nominal scales _________.
A It is the order of values that is important and significant though the difference between each other is unknown
B The values (not categories) can be ordered and have a meaningful difference, but doubling is not meaningful
C A scale on which data is shown simply in order of magnitude since there is no standard of measurement of differences
D They are used for labelling variables, without any quantitative value

_____measures unconscious movements and it can also record how the subject reads a print ad or views a TV commercial and how much time is spent looking at various parts of the stimulus.
A A pupilometer
B A psychogalvanometer
C A voice-pitch analyser
D An eye-tracking monitor

When an interviewer guesses the respondent’s income rather than directly asking this embarrassing question, this is an example of ____?
A Data-processing error
B Sample selection error
C Interviewer error
D Interviewer cheating

Which of the following statements below would you consider a remedy when faced with a situation where research participants show a level of reluctance to participate fully in a study because they have to provide confidential information?
A Probing
B Anonymity
C Focus Group
D Visual aids

Ethnographical data analysis can be defined as ______.
A The progressive focus on data to identify and develop themes
B The involvement of processes of coding, categorising and making sense of the essential meanings of the phenomenon
C Data that is analysed by theme which is highly inductive
D Essential meanings that are present in the descriptions of the participants

Jane, a telephone interviewer, asks, ‘‘I would like to ask you about race. Are you Black, Asian, Colored or White? ’After the respondent replies, Jane says, ‘‘we have conducted a large number of surveys with people of your background, and we do not need to question you further. Thank you for your cooperation’’.
What type of sampling is likely to be used?
A Quota sampling
B Convenience sampling
C Probability sampling
D Snowball sampling

___________ is a sampling procedure that assures that each element in the population will have an equal chance of being included in the sample.
A Systematic sampling
B Stratified sampling
C Cluster sampling
D Simple Random sampling

Which type of a quantitative method is applied to find the sufficient amount of a product necessary to be produced so that the firm can achieve zero profit?
A Feasibility study
B Cost benefit analysis
C Break even analysis
D Quantitative methods

Selecting a sample from the phone book will have some systematic error because unlisted numbers are not included; stopping respondents during daytime hours in shopping centers excludes working people who shop by mail, internet or telephone. This can be regarded as ___?
A Systematic error
B Interviewer cheating
C Sample selection error
D Data –processing error

Which of the following statements below is a stage of data analysis?
A Comparing validity and reliability
B Organising the data
C Finding impossible and unlikely explanations of the findings
D Comparing data and ideas

You accompanied a friend who is on a field trip to conduct an interview with a client. You noticed that the client continually say yes to every question, without referring to the content. There seem to be no different interpretation given to the questions your friend has asked. As an applied research student, what potential kind of bias do you think this client’s behaviour will bring to your friends research results?
A Interviewee bias
B Social desirability bias
C Unconscious misrepresentation bias
D Acquiescence bias

Mixed-method research refers to the use of:
A Focus group interview and quantitative research methods
B Quantitative and qualitative research methods
C Descriptive statistics and quantitative method
D Qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods

You are a member of an interview panel at your workplace. You are given a summary of the job and you see the person’s tasks include reducing research data to a manageable size, applying statistical methods as well as summarizing the data. You realise that these roles form part of:
A Data collection
B Sampling
C Data analysis
D Coding

Which method of data gathering is associated with the following advantages?
- The respondent is not known to the researcher
- Can reach a geographically dispersed sample simultaneously
- Is relatively inexpensive but not cheap and there is an absence of interviewer
A Face to face interviews
B Mail surveys
C Observation
D Focus groups

This type of sample aims to ensure that the various subgroups in a population are represented on pertinent sample characteristics to the exact extent that the investigators desire.
A Simple random sampling
B Stratified sampling
C Judgment sampling
D Quota sampling

Professor Marc Blockman is the Chairperson of the Human Research Ethics Council in the Faculty of Human Sciences at the University of Cape Town and the major focus of his Office is to oversee if proposed researchers adhere to ethical standards. You have been appointed to work in his Office You are assigned a case in which a student is alleged to have leaked the information of an HIV-positive student who was a respondent to his research. You treat this case as one of:
A Violation of the HIV-students right to deception
B Violation of process of rules governing society reasoning in terms of the right thing to do.
C Violation of the HIV-students right to exposure
D Violation of the HIV-students right to confidentiality

The term ‘pairwise deletion’ refers to:
A Manually erasing data from the computer during analysis
B Counting responses in pairs before erasing it
C A computer based analytical process that deals with missing responses
D Erasing data from two computers at once

What type of communication medium would you use to conduct survey motives of industrial engineers?
A. An email
B. Personal Interview
C. Fax survey
D. Drop-off survey

This is a type of a bias, which results from the physical circumstances of the research; such as how the questions are asked, what is being asked, lack of comprehension on the part of the respondent or lack memory due to passage of time.
A Social desirability bias
B Unconscious misrepresentation
C Average-person hypothesis
D Deliberate falsification

What term is used to describe the subset of the things or people of interest from which the study participants are to be chosen?
A Sample
B Target population
C Sampling frame
D Sampling unit

Which sampling technique will be most appropriate to draw a representative sample of heterogeneous population?
A Stratified sampling
B Systematic sampling
C Quota sampling
D Simple random sampling

This term is used to describe the tendency by researchers to create imaginary respondents, or provide answers on behalf of respondents, without asking them, leading to errors in the research process.
A Cheating
B Coding
C Garbage in garbage out
D Curb stoning

Internal validity of research can be improved by:
A Eliminating extraneous factors
B Taking the true representative sample of the population
C Judgement sampling
D Purposive sampling

Cape Town temperature in the last 2 days was less than 22 degrees compared to Mthatha, which was 28 degrees. This kind of study uses which level of measurement?
A Ratio
B Interval
C Nominal
D Ordinal

This error occurs when interviews record answers but check the wrong response or are unable to write fast enough to record answers verbatim. For example, an interviewer check a ‘4’ rather than ‘3’ on a questionnaire. What type of error this_______?
A Interviewer error
B Interviewer cheating
C Data-processing error
D Sample selection error

Which of the following has been the mainstay of commercial survey research for decades and respondents are more willing to provide detailed and reliable information on variety personal topics.
A. Personal interviews.
B. Door-to-door / mall intercept interviews
C. Telephone interviews
D. Self-administered questionnaires

Which of the following would you consider a remedy when faced with a situation where research participants show some reluctance to participate fully in a study because they have to provide confidential information?
A. Probing
B. Anonymity
C. Focus Group
D. Visual aids

You are member of an interview panel at your workplace. You are given a summary of the job and you see the person’s tasks include judging the value of research data especially that which may come from dubious sources. You realise that these role form part of:
A Data collection
B Sampling
C Data analysis
D Coding

If a company has to keep records of when employees are sick and this information is used to tabulate the number of days employees had flu in a given month, then this information would be classified as______?
A Time series data
B Primary data
C Secondary data
D Cross section data