Antibiotic resistance is due to:
a. antibiotic over use
b. antibiotics given for viral infections
c. use of broad vs narrow spectrum antibiotics in non-emergency situations
d. patient not taking complete dosage
e. all the above are correct
Antibiotics:
a. are derived from living organisms
b. are used systemically
c. are harmful to normal gut flora with long-term usage
d. all the above are true
__________ means killing bacteria.
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal
Which of the following mechanisms is how antibiotics work?
a. inhibit cell wall synthesis
b. inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
c. alter membrane permeability
d. inhibit protein synthesis
Viruses have cell walls.
Anti-mycotics treat __________.
bacteria
fungus
viruses
TB
Nosocomial infections are those acquired while in the hospital.
__________ drugs inhibit growth; whereas __________ drugs kill.
Fungistatic; fungicidal
Fungicidal; fungistatic
Systemic Candida should be treated with __________.
antibiotics
anti-virals
anti-tubercular drugs
anti-mycotics
Allergic reactions are __________ hypersensitivity reactions.
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Anti-histamine drugs displace already bound histamine to H1 receptors.
Which of the following do anti-histamines NOT do?
Decrease dilation of small arterioles
Decrease tissue engorgement
Increase fluid leakage
Inhibit smooth muscle constriction
Relieve itching symptoms
Corticosteroids:
a. suppress immune responses
b. reduce inflammation
c. can be natural or synthetic
d. affect almost all body systems
__________ affect carbohydrate metabolism; whereas __________ regulate electrolyte and water balance.
Glucocorticoids; mineralocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids; glucocorticoids
One of the major adverse effects of uricosurics is uric acid stone formation.
Cyclosporine is a non-corticosteroid immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant organ rejection.
Natural steroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
Treating presumptively means giving an anti-microbial drug before identifying the infecting organism.
Tetracyclines can discolor teeth in the young because of its ability to bind divalent metals like calcium.
There are 4 generations of Cephalosporins, each specific for different types of organisms.
