Mitch Thornell
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Mitch Thornell
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Week 1 patho tri 2

Frage 1 von 35

1

Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.

  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.

  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.

  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 35

1

A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Aspirin

  • Ibuprofen

  • Heparin

  • streptokinase

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 35

1

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.

  • Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.

  • Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.

  • Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 35

1

The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.

  • irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.

  • temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery.

  • cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 35

1

The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a disruption of the heart conduction system.

  • an imbalance in calcium ions.

  • an infection of the heart muscle.

  • atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus.

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 35

1

A general term for all types of arterial changes, but most often applied to loss of elasticity of arteries and arterioles, is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Atherosclerosis

  • Osteoporosis

  • Arteriosclerosis

  • Vascular stenosis

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 35

1

Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Essential

  • Tertiary

  • Angina

  • Secondary

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 35

1

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • excluding saturated fats from the diet.

  • leading a sedentary lifestyle.

  • being female and older than 40 years of age.

  • familial hypercholesterolemia.

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 35

1

A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He could be treated with a drug that acts by which of the following mechanisms?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • calcium channel agonist

  • angiotensin ll agonist

  • diuretic

  • beta-adrenergic agonist

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 35

1

Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies, and mitral valve defects

  • Diet, exercise, and obesity

  • Vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing, and crossing legs

  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods, and liver failure

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 35

1

A stationary blood clot within an artery is a:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Stroke

  • Embolus

  • Thrombus

  • Myocardial infarction

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 35

1

Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A 51-year-old male who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis

  • An African American man who leads a sedentary lifestyle

  • A 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats

  • A 69-year-old woman who is an executive in a large corporation

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 35

1

Adverse effects such as an unproductive cough sometimes occur with which category of medicine frequently used for treatment of hypertension?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors.

  • Calcium channel blockers

  • β-blockers

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 35

1

A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Venous stenosis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Fibrothrombosis

  • Thrombophlebitis

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 35

1

Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.

  • decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias

  • reducing the risk of blood clotting.

  • decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 35

1

Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • engaging in an angry argument.

  • running up stairs on a hot day

  • taking a nap.

  • eating a large meal.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 35

1

Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.

  • A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 35

1

The most common cause of myocardial ischaemia is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • venous emboli

  • idiopathic vasospasm

  • atherosclerosis

  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 35

1

A 75-year-old male presents with severe chest pain. Lab tests in hospital reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase and troponins. These elevated levels indicate probable:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Unstable angina

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Hypertension

  • Stable angina

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 35

1

Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.

  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.

  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.

  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 35

1

The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

  • venous emboli

  • Idiopathic vasospasm

  • atherosclerosis

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 35

1

A coronary artery disease that occurs when the blood flow to the myocardial cells is interrupted for a period of time, followed by necrosis, is referred to as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Dysrhythmias

  • atherosclerosis

  • Myocardial infarction

  • angina pectoris

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 35

1

Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided when a person has pre-existing respiratory condition like asthma?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • B-blockers

  • Diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Calcium channel antagonists

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 35

1

Which of the following types of drugs is not typically used to treat hypertension?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • nitrates

  • thiazide diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Calcium channel blockers

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 35

1

Hypertension can be classified into the following three major categories:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Subacute, acute and chronic

  • essential, secondary and malignant

  • Active, passive, fatal

  • primary, secondary and tertiary

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 35

1

Which vessel/s is/are particularly prone to an aneurysm?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Aorta

  • Small peripheral arteries of the legs

  • inferior vena cava

  • superior vena cava

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 35

1

A 55-yr old male died of myocardial infarction. autopsy would most likely reveal:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Platelet aggregation with an atherosclerotic coronary artery.

  • Decreased ventricular diastolic filling time

  • Smooth muscle dysplasia in the coronary artery

  • Embolism of plaque from the aorta

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 35

1

What condition refers to thrombotic events associated with venous wall inflammation, and occurs in any part of the body

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Thrombophlebitis

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Varicose veins

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 35

1

A 60 year old female had a myocardial infarction. she was brought to hospital 30 minutes later, she survived but now has impaired ventricular function because:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • there was too much stress on the heart

  • There was a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance

  • the cells became hypertrophic

  • The resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 35

1

The build-up of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ischaemic heart disease

  • Atherosclerosis

  • Hypertension

  • Peripheral vascular disease

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 35

1

A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • fibrothrombosis

  • thrombophlebitis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Venous stenosis

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 35

1

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Decrease serum lipid levels

  • Increase serum HDL levels

  • Promotes platelet adhesion

  • Reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 35

1

Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies and mitral valve defects

  • Diet, exercise and obesity

  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods and liver failure

  • vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing and crossing legs

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 35

1

High levels of which of the following lipoproteins can be beneficial?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • HDL

  • IDL

  • LDL

  • VLDL

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 35

1

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • are associated with low intake of saturated fats.

  • promote atheroma development.

  • transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.

  • contain only small amounts of cholesterol.

Erklärung

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