1 - Computer Systems Review and Programming Logic

Combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.

The equipment, or the physical devices, associated with a computer.

Computer instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

Comprises all the programs you apply to a task, such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, payroll and inventory programs, and games.

Comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer, including operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or UNIX for larger computers and Google Android and Apple iOS for smartphones.

Data items enter the computer system and are placed in memory, where they can be processed. Hardware devices that perform input operations include keyboards and mice.

Include all the text, numbers, and other raw material that are entered into and processed by a computer.

May involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them.

Data items have been processed, the resulting information usually is sent to a printer, monitor, or some other output device so people can view, interpret, and use the results

Programming professionals often use the term ____ for input items, but use the term ___________ for data that has been processed and output

Sometimes you place output on _______ _______, such as your hard drive, flash media, or a cloud-based device.

You write computer instructions in a computer ______ ________ such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, or Java

The instructions you write using a programming language.

Every programming language has rules governing its word usage and punctuation. These rules are called the language’s ______. Mistakes in a language’s usage are _____ _____.

When you write a program, you usually type its instructions using a keyboard. When you type program instructions, they are stored in _______ _______, which is a computer’s temporary, internal storage.

A form of internal, volatile memory.

Internal storage is _______ —its contents are lost when the computer is turned off or loses power.

Permanent storage devices are _______—that is, their contents are persistent and are retained even when power is lost.

After a computer program is typed using programming language statements and stored in memory, it must be translated to ______ ______ that represents the millions of on/off circuits within the computer.

Your programming language statements are called _______ ____, and the translated machine language statements are ______ ____.

Each programming language uses a piece of software, called a _________ or an interpreter, to translate your source code into machine language.

Machine language is also called ______ ________, and is represented as a series of 0s and 1s.

When instructions are carried out, a program ____, or executes.

A program with no syntax errors is translatable and can execute, but it still might contain _______ _______ and produce incorrect output as a result.

A named memory location whose value can vary.