Brain Tumours

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Brain tumours can be described as supratentorial and infratentorial based on their position in relation to the

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Which benign brain tumour of the pituitary gland is known to cause bitemporal hemianopia in children due to compression of the optic chiasm?

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One of the main red flags for a brain tumour is a headache which is worse ( in the morning, at night, during exercise )

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Whilst an intrinsic brain tumour affects the brain itself, an extrinsic brain tumour affects which of the following 2 structures?

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Cushing's triad is a series of signs/symptoms that are indicative of possible impending fatal herniation of the brain.
What are the constituents of this triad?

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A patient showing signs of Cushing's triad should be immediately rushed to surgery for decompression. Which diuretic drug should be given in the meantime to ensure they don't pass away before reaching theatre?

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A patient with a known brain tumour is unable to perform three separate motor functions in a row (such as rock, paper, scissors). It is likely their tumour is affecting which part of the brain?

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Which are the main two imaging modalities for brain tumour diagnosis?

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What is the most common type of brain tumour?

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Neuroepithelial tissue brain tumours can arise from any of the following cell types, however which is the most common?

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There are ( 4, 3, 5 ) WHO gradings of astrocytic tumours

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The only truly benign astrocytoma is...

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Of all astrocytomas, which most commonly occur in children?

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What is the most typical mode of treatment for a grade I astrocytoma?

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Low grade astrocytomas are also known as

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What tends to be the main presentation of low grade astrocytomas?

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Low grade (Grade II) astrocytomas tend to affects people ( over, under ) 50

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Low grade astrocytomas don't tend to differentiate into higher grade tumours (Grade III/IV) and therefore surgery is not recommended. Instead, serial imaging and potential chemo/radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment.

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Of the malignant astrocytomas, which is by far the most common?

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Grade III Astrocytoma = ❌
Grade IV Astrocytoma = ❌

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Anaplastic Astrocytoma

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Which treatment has been proven to be most effective in treating brain tumours?

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Meningiomas are the most common ( benign, malignant ) intracranial tumour. They arise from ( arachnoid, dura, pia ) cap cells in the meninges.

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There are four aggressive meningiomas. What are they?

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How are meningiomas typically managed?

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A nerve sheath tumour originating in the myelin producing cells of the PNS is called a

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A is a tumour of the myelin forming cells of the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve).

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Vestibular Schwannomas tend to occur in patients with the condition ( Neurofibromatosis Type II, Neurofibromatosis Type I )

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The most common CNS germ cell tumour is...

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There are 3 main tumour markers for germ cell tumours. Therefore, in a child with a midline brain tumour which 3 markers should be tested for?

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Which type of drug can be used to shrink a Prolactinoma?

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Name the dopamine receptor agonist used most frequently to shrink Prolactinomas

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The main therapy of choice for Acromegaly is the use of Analogues

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Which of the following is a somatostatin analogue that can be used to treat acromegaly?

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Tumour markers in germ cell tumours:
AFP present = ❌
Beta-hCG present = ❌
PLAP present = ❌

Germinoma

Choriocarcinoma

Yolk Sac Tumour

Brain Tumours given by Kismet Hossain Ibrahim on 11/9/18

Brain Tumours

Brain tumours can be described as supratentorial and infratentorial based on their position in relation to the

Which benign brain tumour of the pituitary gland is known to cause bitemporal hemianopia in children due to compression of the optic chiasm?

One of the main red flags for a brain tumour is a headache which is worse in the morning at night during exercise( in the morning, at night, during exercise )

Whilst an intrinsic brain tumour affects the brain itself, an extrinsic brain tumour affects which of the following 2 structures?

Cushing's triad is a series of signs/symptoms that are indicative of possible impending fatal herniation of the brain. What are the constituents of this triad?

A patient showing signs of Cushing's triad should be immediately rushed to surgery for decompression. Which diuretic drug should be given in the meantime to ensure they don't pass away before reaching theatre?

A patient with a known brain tumour is unable to perform three separate motor functions in a row (such as rock, paper, scissors). It is likely their tumour is affecting which part of the brain?

Which are the main two imaging modalities for brain tumour diagnosis?

What is the most common type of brain tumour?

Neuroepithelial tissue brain tumours can arise from any of the following cell types, however which is the most common?

There are 4 3 5( 4, 3, 5 ) WHO gradings of astrocytic tumours

The only truly benign astrocytoma is...

Of all astrocytomas, which most commonly occur in children?

What is the most typical mode of treatment for a grade I astrocytoma?

Low grade astrocytomas are also known as

What tends to be the main presentation of low grade astrocytomas?

Low grade (Grade II) astrocytomas tend to affects people over under( over, under ) 50

Low grade astrocytomas don't tend to differentiate into higher grade tumours (Grade III/IV) and therefore surgery is not recommended. Instead, serial imaging and potential chemo/radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment.

Of the malignant astrocytomas, which is by far the most common?

Grade III Astrocytoma = ❌ Grade IV Astrocytoma = ❌

One of the main red flags for a brain tumour is a headache which is worse ( in the morning, at night, during exercise )

Cushing's triad is a series of signs/symptoms that are indicative of possible impending fatal herniation of the brain.
What are the constituents of this triad?

There are ( 4, 3, 5 ) WHO gradings of astrocytic tumours

Low grade (Grade II) astrocytomas tend to affects people ( over, under ) 50

Grade III Astrocytoma = ❌
Grade IV Astrocytoma = ❌

Meningiomas are the most common ( benign, malignant ) intracranial tumour. They arise from ( arachnoid, dura, pia ) cap cells in the meninges.

Vestibular Schwannomas tend to occur in patients with the condition ( Neurofibromatosis Type II, Neurofibromatosis Type I )

Tumour markers in germ cell tumours:
AFP present = ❌
Beta-hCG present = ❌
PLAP present = ❌