Pneumonia is not classified by
Causitive agent
Pattern of lung involvement
Setting where it occured
Duration (acute vs Chronic pneumonia)
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
influenza
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Candida
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection
viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain
opportunistic bacteria cause low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum
How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?
acidosis depresses respirations
oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion
inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air
infection reduces effective compensation by the heart
Rust-colored sputum in a patient with pneumonia usually indicates:
secondary hemorrhage in the lungs
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the infecting agent
prolonged stasis of mucous secretions in the airways
persistent coughing has damaged the mucosa in the bronchi
Pleurisy associated with lobar pneumonia is manifested by:
rales and hemoptysis
severe dyspnea, fever and chills
cyclic chest pain and friction rub
productive cough with rusty sputum
Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by aspiration of:
sharp pointed objects
solid round objects
water
liquids such as oils or milk
A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia following a urinary tract infection. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. This condition is referred to as:
dyspnoea.
cyanosis
orthopnoea
hyperpnoea
Pneumonia is caused by:
use of anaesthetic agents in surgery
atelectasis
chronic lung changes seen with ageing
viral or bacterial infections
A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered
hospital-acquired pneumonia.
community-acquired pneumonia.
Health care–associated
viral pneumonia
The three major setting categories for pneumonia are;
hospital-acquired pneumonia
health care–associated pneumonia
community-acquired
Crowded pneumonia
Which of the following is not a common cause of pneumonia
Infection from pathogen
Inhalation of aerosols
Aspiration of solids, such as crayons
Direct inoculation from surgical equipment
Lobar pneumonia
Inflammation of whole or large portion of lobe
Diffuse Inflammation across all lobes of the lungs
Diffuse interstitial infiltrates
presents on the outside of the lung and effects the pleural membrane
Pneumonia that has an uniformed inflammation of whole or large portion of a lobe, and is characterised with rusty looking sputum
Bronchopneumonia
Brachial pneumonia
Restrictive pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by inflammation of interstitium?
Brachial Pneumonia
Cardiac pneumonia
abnormal sounds from air mixing with excessive secretions in lungs
Crackles and rhonchi
Crackles (rales)
Ronchi
Stridor
light bubbly/crackling sounds due to serous secretions
Wheezing
deeper, harsher sounds from thicker mucous
Rhonchi
indicate non-aeration/lung collapse (atelectasis)
Absent breath sounds
Wheezing/whistling sounds
Rhonchi and Crackles
indicate small airway obstruction
Indicates upper airway obstruction
Crackles
What is FEV1?
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
Forced expiratory volume in 1 minute
Forced expiratory volume averaged over 1 minute
FVC means
Forced vital capacity
Forced volume capacity
forced vital circulation
on a spirogram describe the general shape for a patient with a restrictive disorder?
same as normal except much lower
lower gradient then normal (takes longer to get to FVC
no change as restrictive disorders will not effect expiration
On a spirogram, describe the shape of an obstructive disorder
the slope before the plateau is longer then normal; FVC is also lower then a normal spirogram
Same shape as normal, just lower FVC
exactly the same as normal
Describe the FEV1, FVC and FEV1;FVC ratio in an obstructive disorder compared to normal in a spirometry test
FEV 1 - LOW FVC - LOW FEV1/FVC - >80%
FEV 1 - high FVC - high FEV1/FVC - >80%
FEV 1 - LOW FVC - LOW FEV1/FVC - <80%
FEV 1 - high FVC - high FEV1/FVC - <80%
Describe the FEV1, FVC and FEV1;FVC in a restictive disorder compared to the normal
