Sensation is to perception as ________ is to ____________.
stimulation; recognistion
awareness; interpretation
interpretation; awareness
organization; interpretation
Activation of specific receptors by stimuli is called __________.
perception
sensation
adaptation
habituation
Then conversion of sensory information into neural impulses is called
transduction
refraction
transfusion
transcendence
The smallest or weakest amount of particular stimulus required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the ________ threshold
absolute
minimum sensory
differnece
barely noticeable
The ________ threshold is the smallest amount of change in sensation that a person can detect.
captured
delta
difference
The process by which unchanging information from the senses of taste, touch, smell, and vision is "ignored" by the sensory receptor cells themselves is called
transformation
sensory adaptation
transmutaion
transuction
Bottom-up processing is initiated by _________
knowledge
expectation
the stimulus
belief
People's tendency to perceive a thing a certain way because their previous experiences or expectations influence them is called:
top-down processing
Weber's law
bottom-up processing
perceptual constancy
Frequency, amplitude, and saturation are three separate aspects of our experience of :
night vision
color
acuity
The shortest wavelengths we can see are experienced as ________ colors
red
violet
green
yellow
The frequency of the wavelength of light reaching your eyes determines in part what ________ you see.
brightness
saturation
hue
fine detail
Which component of the eye contains the visual photo-receptors?
sclera
retina
cornea
vitreous humor
It is difficult to distinguish between colors at night because:
we are seeing primarily in the cones
rods do not adapt to the darl
we are seeing primarily with the rods
we are used to seeing mostly with the fovea
Which of the following is true about cones?
They are responsible for black and white wishion
They are concentrated n the center of they eye
They operated mainly at night
They respond only to black and white
The _________ nerve is responsible for taking information from the eyes to the visual cortex in the back of the brain, where that information will be processed and interpreted
optic
vestibular
occipital
auricular
What causes the "blind spot" in the vision of both eyes?
the inconsistent surface of the cornea
the folded area of the fovea that occurs where the cones are the most dense
the optic nerve passing through the retina as it leaves the eye
the concentration of ganglion cells in the center of the optic nerve blocking light
The idea that the eye contains separate receptors for red, green and blue is known as the ___________ theory.
opponent-process
additive color mixing
trichromatic
reductive color mixing
According to the opponent-process theory of color vision, two of the correct pairings of opposite colors are ___________.
red versus green and blue versus yellow
black versus gray and white versus colored
blue versus red and green versus yellow
blue versus green and red versus yellow
The trichromatic and opponent-process theories of color vission are not in conflict because each corresponds to:
a different portion of the spectrum
the opposite half of perceivable colors
one type of color blindness
a different stage of visual processing
Sound waves are simply:
the vibration of the molecules of the air surrounding us
the impact of acoustrons in the air
a form of electronic radiation
the result of emitted photons from a source
Which of the following properties of sound would be the most similar to the color, or hue, of light
pitch
loudness
timbre
purity
Pitch is to frequency as
frequency is to amplitude
high is to low
volume is to amplitude
peak is to wave
Which physical feature of the human head allows us to engage in the process of sound localization?
our nose and chin are located between our ears on the front of our faces
our cochleae are spiral-shaped instead of straight and flat
our ears are located directly adjacent to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum
our ears are located on opposite sides of our heads
Which of the following describes what happens if you trace an auditory stimulus from the time it first reaches the ear until it arrives at the brain?
The outermost part of the ear (pinna) gathers sound waves and funnels them down the ear canal striking the eardrum
The basilar membrane causes the hammer, anvil, and stirrup to vibrate striking the oval window
The auditory cones respond to the various tonal frequencies, which lead the auditory nerve to send a message to the brain
The auditory nerve joins with the nasal verve to produce an input to the olfactory lobe
Which of the following houses the auditory receptors where sound waves finally become neural impulses?
hair cells
organs of Corti
basilar membranes
tectorial membranes
Lemmy has been told by his doctor that he is experiencing ___________ due to hair cells that were destroyed as a result of loud sounds
sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
conductive hearing loss
a speech segmentation problem
What is the leading preventable cause of hearing loss in human beings?
ingestion of oto-toxic medications during infancy
exposure to loud noises
prenatal exposure to teratogens that interrupt normal hearing development
penetrating or traumatic head injuries
