__________ provides the raw material for adaptation to local conditions.
Cloning
Biosphere diversity
Biophilia
Genetic diversity
Biodiversity is the diversity of life at what level(s) of biological organization?
species and ecosystem levels
genetic, species, and ecosystem levels
genetic, species, ecosystem, and biosphere levels
species, ecosystem, and biosphere levels
Which group of organisms is contributes the most species to global biodiversity?
insects
plants
mammals
fish
When a species disappears from an area it once occupied, but the species still exists elsewhere, this is called ____________.
extirpation
extermination
genetic diversity
biodiversity
T/F - Populations with very little genetic diversity are vulnerable to environmental change because they may lack the ability to adapt to different conditions.
When a species declines in number, it also __________.
occupies less area than it once did
spreads out and occupies more area than it once did
increases its biodiversity
gets taken off of the Red List
The Endangered Species Act is often a center of controversy because __________.
landowners are concerned that federal officials will restrict the use of private land if threatened or endangered species are found on it
it has not been successful
scientists want to classify all species as endangered
there are animals listed that are not worth saving
Conservation biology is different from other fields of science discussed in the book because __________.
even when the evidence does not support a hypothesis, conservation biologists continue to test that hypothesis until they find evidence to support it
it is based only on computer simulations and ignores real-world data
it is an applied and goal-oriented science, with implicit values and ethical standards
conservation biologists ignore the scientific method
How is community-based conservation different from more traditional approaches to conservation?
In community-based conservation, scientists from a wide range of backgrounds are brought together to focus the efforts of an entire scientific community on the problem.
In community-based conservation, local people are involved with protecting the habitat of endangered species, allowing them to still gain benefit from its resources.
Community-based conservation focuses on protecting plant and animal communities rather than single species.
Community-based conservation requires a large community of guards to patrol preserves and keep people out.
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) tries to prevent the extinction of species by __________.
establishing biosphere reserves where people and endangered species live side by side
using United Nations' troops to hunt down and arrest poachers
asking countries to stop the international trade of body parts of endangered species
raising endangered species for sale to cut out the market for wild harvested species
Protected animals, such as tigers, that need large amounts of land ______________.
Umbrella species
biophillia
hotspot
extinction
A population differentiating, over time, into a new species is speciation
Differences in DNA composition among individuals within a given species is genetic diversity.
The connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life is biophilia.
If a conservation biologist wanted to try to stop the largest cause of species extinction, what should he or she focus on?
hunting
habitat destruction
water loss and water pollution
introduced species
Species richness is the __________.
number of species in an area
number of species in a taxonomic group (e.g., phylum)
value of a species to humans
extent to which species in an area differ in number of individuals
__________ is the gradual piecemeal degradation of an area by such activities as logging and road building.
Habitat dismemberment
Habitat decimation
Habitat fragmentation
Overharvesting
More species have been identified and classified in this group than in any other.
Bacteria
Fishes
Plants
Insects
Mammals
The sixth mass extinction event __________.
happened billions of years ago as a result of the sun being further away from Earth
has not occurred
happened millions of years ago and was caused by an asteroid
is ongoing and has been caused by human disturbance
In captive breeding programs, organisms are bred with the intent to __________.
release them to non-native ecosystems
clone them
keep them in zoos
release them to the wild
The primary legislation for protecting biodiversity in the United States is the __________.
Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
Occupational Safety and Hazards Act
Endangered Species Act
Which of the following statements about the importance of organisms in an ecosystem is true?
Small organisms are always the keystone species in an ecosystem, while larger predators are less important.
Small organisms are less important than larger predators for the survival of the ecosystem.
"Ecosystem engineers" can be as important as keystone species for the survival of the ecosystem.
No one species is more important than another in regard to the survival of an ecosystem.
__________ provide(s) a benefit to humans free of charge.
Ecosystem resilience
Conservation
Ecosystem services
Maria loves to be outdoors. She hikes every day in the woods, near the home that she shares with five pets. Maria's lifestyle provides evidence of __________.
biophobia
nature-deficit disorder
resilience
biophilia
Which of the following best describes a biodiversity "hotspot"?
A hotspot is an area near volcanic vents on the ocean floor where the species diversity is high.
A hotspot is a region where large numbers of animals are brought together into an enclosure.
A hotspot is a region where species diversity is high but threatened by habitat loss.
A hotspot is an area where the rate of species extinction is high.
Which of the following statements about cloning organisms is true?
Cloning of mammals tends to produce viable organisms that survive to reproductive age.
Cloning mammals is a more viable strategy than habitat protection for increasing the biodiversity of species on the earth.
Producing cloned animals and keeping them in zoos does not increase biodiversity of the species.
Cloning of mammals is not possible.
__________ is the term we use when a population disappears from a given area but not globally.
Mass extinction
Intinction
Extirpation
Extinction
Which of the following is an example of the single greatest cause of species extinction?
introducing rats, cats, and snakes to islands
habitat fragmentation caused by building a road through a forest
overfishing of ocean fish
heavy metal runoff from a manufacturing plant
Which of the following types of species would be most vulnerable to overharvesting by people?
whales
frogs
rabbits
small freshwater fish
Why can many different species coexist and thrive in areas close to the equator?
Glaciation events at the equator promote species diversity.
Equatorial climatic conditions provide little energy, so species must work together to share what is available.
Stable equatorial climatic conditions discourage any one species from dominating the ecosystem and encourage biodiversity.
Equatorial climatic conditions favor generalists.
Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________.
increases the number of available pathogens
means that there is genetic uniformity
decreases the number of predators
is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods
reduces the number of pollinators available to any one plant species
Paleontologists and ecologists agree that ________.
biodiversity is evenly spread over the earth's biomes
more than 99% of all species alive today have been discovered and described
extinction is tied exclusively to human activities
99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct
speciation is a major cause of biodiversity loss
Wildlife in the Serengeti is currently threatened by ________.
an invasive fish that has been introduced into the major river that flows through the park
plans to build a highway that passes through the park
pollution from a nearby coal power plant
plans to legalize hunting of most of the large animal species in the park
an overabundance of elephants
intinction
At the end of the __________ period, close to 90% of all species are thought to have gone extinct.
triassic
cretaceous
permian
cambrian
ecosystem services
conservation
ecosystem resilience
Which of the following approaches does not help protect entire habitats?
ecological restoration
biodiversity hotspots
captive breeding
expanding parks
Which of the following is not an environmental law or treaty protecting species or ecosystems?
The National Environmental Protection Act
Convention on Biological Diversity
CITES
The Endangered Species Act
Which of the following is not a major threat to biodiversity today?
climate change
invasive species
overharvesting
