Alberto Alejandro
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Midterm review

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Alberto Alejandro
Erstellt von Alberto Alejandro vor fast 6 Jahre
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Modalities - Rizvi

Frage 1 von 50

1

What is the most appropriate remedy if a patient reports pain during the application of
ultrasound?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Decrease the intensity and move the transducer more quickly

  • Decrease the intensity

  • Move the transducer more quickly

  • Decrease the treatment time

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 50

1

Blanching is one of the responses of the skin that is helpful in determining whether or not the circulation is impaired to an area. What is the significance of blanching in the treatment area?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It indicates the absence or presence of capillary buds in the injured tissue

  • It determines the amount of hemoglobin present in the injured tissue.

  • It tests the amount of melanin present.

  • It indicates the response of applied pressure to the skin, indicating circulation.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 50

1

What is the most common symptom for which an individual seeks medical attention for physical therapy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Depression

  • Pain

  • Anxiety

  • Obesity

  • Trauma to soft tissue

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 50

1

Circumferential or girth measurements for the assessment of edema may be inadvertently inconsistent. Which of the following would cause this to occur?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Documenting where previous measures were taken.

  • Measuring with the same tape each time

  • Measuring at the same time of day each time

  • Using bony landmarks as reference points for measurement

  • Taking measurements at varied times during the day

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 50

1

Sound energy is transmitted as a wave. The energy produces the collision of vibrating particles, which transmit the wave energy from one particle to another, transferring momentum. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • None of the above

  • Ultrasound transmits energy to the body.

  • Sound has the ability to transmit wave energy through the body.

  • Sound travels through the body.

  • Sound does not have the ability to travel through the body.

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 50

1

Cryotherapy refers to the practice of using cold to achieve therapeutic goals. What is the reflex response to lowered skin temperature?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Vasoconstriction

  • Vasodilation

  • Shivering

  • Pain

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 50

1

What is the mechanism for heat transfer from a hot pack, and how does it influence the application of a hot pack?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • None of the above

  • Conduction; and the hot pack within its cover must make direct contact with the treatment area.

  • Conduction; and the hot pack application is irrelevant.

  • Conversion; and the hot pack within its cover must be moved.

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 50

1

What is the most important reason that there needs to be a coupling agent between the ultrasound transducer and the patient when administering ultrasound?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • To help the sound waves travel, because sound waves from the transducer cannot travel through the air

  • To increase the cost of the treatment for the patient

  • To make the administration of the ultrasound more comfortable for the patient

  • To reduce the reflection of the acoustical energy from the metal transducer into the air

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 50

1

Ultrasound is indicated in soft tissue injuries in part due to the effects that it has as a nonthermal treatment modality. It has been shown to promote which of the following effects?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • All of the above

  • Tissue repair

  • Histamine production

  • Protein synthesis

  • Collagen Production

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 50

1

Continuous ultrasound refers to an uninterrupted flow of sound waves. Pulsed ultrasound is produced by intermittently interrupting the supply of electrical energy to the sound head, which causes interruptions in the sound waves. Which form of ultrasound has the greatest potential to cause thermal effects?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ultrasound is equally thermal in both continuous and pulsed modes.

  • Continuous

  • Pulsed

  • Ultrasound is not thermal

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 50

1

Which of the following criteria is inconsistent with chronic pain?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The cause is well defined.

  • The cause is not correctable or is uncertain.

  • Medical treatments have been ineffective.

  • The painful symptoms have persisted for more than 3 months.

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 50

1

The result of the path of an incident and reflected wave colliding would cause what to occur in human tissues if the waves were exactly in phase?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Low peaks and low power in the returning wave

  • Stable cavitation and vibration

  • Unstable cavitation and tissue implosion

  • Nothing; they would cancel each other out in the tissue

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 50

1

Based on the physiological effects of therapeutic heat, intervention goals are easy to identify. Therapeutic heating agents are used as adjunctive intervention techniques for achieving functional goals. Which of the following goals would NOT be facilitated by the application of therapeutic heat?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Alleviation of pain

  • Increased tissue extensibility

  • Increased strength to perform functional activities

  • Increased motion and improvement in activities of daily living

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 50

1

Anatomy of the underlying tissues has what type of effect on the impedance and absorption of ultrasound?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The number of liquids in the underlying tissue will dissipate the acoustical energy.

  • The density of the tissues and the number of different structural components within it will help dissipate or absorb the acoustical energy of ultrasound.

  • The number of tissue layers in the underlying area will not affect the absorption of ultrasound.

  • The density of the structural components has no effect on the impedance or absorption of ultrasound.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 50

1

Edema is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation; it represents an increase in the
amount of interstitial fluid either diffused or localized to the injury site. Which of the following measurements would be inappropriate for the assessment of edema?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Circumferential measurements

  • Pain assessment

  • Volumetric water displacement

  • Joint mobility

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 50

1

Based upon the characteristics of sound, which pitch would you be more likely to hear if your neighbor were having a party where there was loud music playing, and why?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A lower pitch sound because it travels farther than higher pitch sounds.

  • A lower pitch sound because it travels with all of its energy, unlike higher pitch sounds.

  • A higher pitch because it travels farther than lower pitch sounds.

  • A higher pitch because it travels with all of its energy, unlike lower pitch sounds.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 50

1

What must take place between the physical agent and the patient’s skin if conduction is the method of thermal exchange?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Direct contact between the thermal agent and the patient’s skin

  • Sufficient movement of air between the thermal agent and the patient’s skin

  • An extended period of exposure between the heat agent and the skin

  • The transformation from a liquid to a gas state

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 50

1

Cold is commonly used in the management of acute inflammation and edema. Which of the following interventions has been the most successful in controlling pain and edema in the management of acute ankle sprains?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cold

  • Cold and compression

  • No difference has been identified between the use of cold or compression, separately or together.

  • Compression

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 50

1

Temperature regulation occurs to maintain homeostasis through the interaction of local and central neural mechanisms. Where in the brain is this information processed?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • None of the above

  • In the hypothalamus

  • In the cortex

  • In the thalamus

  • In the cerebellum

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 50

1

Which of the following types of nociceptors has the fastest conduction velocity?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Small, unmyelinated C-fibers

  • Mechanoreceptors

  • A-delta fibers

  • C-fibers

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 50

1

What is the difference between girth assessment for edema and volumetric assessment of edema?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Girth measurements are more difficult to take than volumetric measurements of edema.

  • Girth is measured with a tape measure and volume is measured with water displacement.

  • Girth is measured at the same time of day each time and volumetry can be performed at any time during the day.

  • Girth measurements indicate the exact location of the edema and the quantity; volumetric assessment just indicates that there is edema present but not specifically where.

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 50

1

Which of the following types of non-narcotic medications is often prescribed for analgesia but tends to cause gastrointestinal irritation?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Codeine

  • Morphine

  • Serotonin

  • NSAIDs

  • Methamphetamine

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 50

1

How does the application of superficial heat administered through a fluidotherapy differ from the application of a hot pack or paraffin?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A fluidotherapy does not lose heat over time and heats by convection.

  • A fluidotherapy loses heat over time and heats by conduction.

  • A fluidotherapy loses heat over time and heats by convection.

  • There is no difference between them except cost.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 50

1

Which of the following terms means “the purposeful and skilled interaction of the physical therapist with the patient/client . . . using various physical therapy methods and techniques to produce changes in the condition that are consistent with the diagnosis and prognosis” (according to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 2nd edition)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • None of the above

  • Diagnosis

  • Intervention

  • Evaluation

  • Examination

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 50

1

Which of the following best defines the term “control group”?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • None of the above

  • The group not receiving the intervention

  • The group receiving the intervention

  • The group that reviews the study outcome

  • The group that controls the entire study

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 50

1

Which of the following terms is NOT a synonym for the frequency of acoustic vibrations?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Megahertz

  • Rate

  • Cycles per second

  • None; all of these terms are synonyms for frequency.

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 50

1

Pain receptors are responsible for signaling potential tissue damage. What is the name for this type of receptor?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Motor fibers

  • Thermoreceptors

  • Nociceptors

  • Mechanoreceptors

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 50

1

Residual elongation of connective tissue is dependent upon which of the following?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sufficient increase in tissue temperature

  • The timing of the application

  • Type of stretch applied

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 50

1

Which of the following terms means “a dynamic process in which the physical therapist makes clinical judgments based on data gathered during the examination” (according to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 2nd edition)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Intervention

  • Examination

  • Diagnosis

  • Evaluation

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 50

1

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Scar tissue is stronger than the tissue it replaces.

  • Scar tissue is 70% as strong as the tissue it replaces.

  • Scar tissue is not as strong as the tissue it replaces.

  • Scar tissue is as strong as the tissue it replaces.

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 50

1

What is the difference between iontophoresis and phonophoresis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • There is no difference between iontophoresis and phonophoresis.

  • Iontophoresis uses sound to deliver medication and phonophoresis uses electrical current to deliver medication to the underlying tissues.

  • Iontophoresis uses electrical charge to push medication into the underlying tissue and phonophoresis uses sound to push medication into the tissue.

  • Iontophoresis delivers ions and phonophoresis delivers molecules into the underlying tissues.

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 50

1

Which of the following research designs contains a control group?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Experimental

  • Non-experimental

  • Case study

  • Quasi-experimental

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 50

1

Muscle tone refers to the resistance of the muscle to passive stretch or elongation, or how “tight” it feels. Which of the following terms is the most appropriate when referring to this phenomenon after an injury?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Muscle spasticity

  • Muscle guarding

  • Muscle spasm

  • Flexibility

  • None of these terms is correct.

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 50

1

Of what potential significance is the beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) of an ultrasound transducer?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is a ratio of the surface area of the transducer and how pulsed the energy is over the average area.

  • It is the ratio of the power of the ultrasound to the duty factor of the ultrasound.

  • It is the ratio to the surface area of the transducer in square centimeters to measurable acoustical energy leaving the crystal in Watts.

  • It is the ratio of the peak power to the average power in the cross section of the transducer.

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 50

1

Which of the following terms best describes the phenomenon experienced by the patient when painful symptoms are perceived in areas remote from the site of the original tissue damage?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phantom pain

  • Acute pain

  • Chronic pain

  • Referred pain

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 50

1

The duty factor of the ultrasound unit represents which of the following characteristics of the ultrasound that is being delivered to the patient?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The percentage of off time of the acoustical energy

  • The frequency of the acoustical energy

  • The percentage of on time of the acoustical energy

  • The treatment time for the acoustical energy

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 50

1

Which of the following organizations includes the use of evidence-based practice in its “Vision 2020”?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)

  • Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)

  • Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)

  • Medicare

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 50

1

A referral area of pain that follows the dermatome of a nerve is following what pattern?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The organ that is supplied by that nerve

  • The bone that is supplied by that nerve

  • The muscle that is supplied by that nerve

  • The skin that is supplied by that nerve

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 50

1

The most basic premise behind Melzack and Wall’s gate control theory of pain is that:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • No pain, no gain!

  • Psychological factors influence pain perception, making it impossible to accurately quantify.

  • Sensory stimuli can inhibit painful stimuli from reaching the brain.

  • Pain is a unique experience for all individuals, which can be qualified only by the individual experiencing it.

  • There is an interaction of peripheral and central mechanisms that may or may not elicit a painful response to noxious stimuli.

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 50

1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of subjects to the strength of the research study?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Studies that have subjects also have the least strength.

  • There is no relationship.

  • Studies don't have subjects.

  • The lower the number of subjects, the stronger the study.

  • The higher the number of subjects, the stronger the study.

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 50

1

Conversion refers to the temperature change that results from energy transformed from
one form to another, such as the conversion from mechanical or electrical energy to heat.
Which of the following examples of a physical agent modality represents a form of heat by conversion?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Continuous ultrasound

  • Hot pack application

  • Ice Massage

  • Exposure to an infrared lamp

  • Fluidotherapy

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 50

1

Therapeutic heat or cold is delivered to the target tissue by all of the following mechanisms except?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Evaporation

  • Radiation

  • None of the above; all are mechanisms for the delivery of therapeutic heat.

  • Conversion

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 50

1

The McGill-Melzack pain questionnaire differs from other pain assessment tools in which important aspect?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It was copyrighted, and data collected with it are tabulated with a national databank funded by the copyright fees.

  • It has been used experimentally and has known values for effectiveness

  • It is multidimensional and crosses cultures, diagnoses, and levels of cognitive understanding.

  • It is no different from other pain assessment tools.

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 50

1

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding clinical versus experimental pain?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Although the sensation is the same, results accomplished experimentally should not be extrapolated to be identical in clinical pain syndromes.

  • Clinical pain is unique to each individual, which makes experimental pain of no use for research purposes.

  • Experimental pain is easier to produce than clinical pain and is therefore of no use for research purposes.

  • The sensations are the same regardless of the method of production, which makes extrapolation of data from experimental studies directly applicable to clinical pain syndromes.

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 50

1

Ultrasound uses sound, which is produced by vibration of a medium. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for the transmission of sound?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A liquid

  • A solid

  • A gas

  • A vacuum

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 50

1

Spotty patches of erythema following the application of thermal agents are referred to as mottling of the skin. What is the significance of mottling?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mottling is a normal response to the application of cold.

  • Mottling is an abnormal response to the application of cold.

  • Mottling is a normal response to the application of heat.

  • Mottling is a potential warning sign that the underlying tissue may not be able to effectively respond to thermal agents.

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 50

1

Which of the following endogenous substances is NOT released into an injured area as a normal response to injury?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Glucose

  • Histamine

  • Potassium

  • Serotonin

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 50

1

When sensory information reaches the brain, the information is integrated and interpreted along with information about the temperature of the blood circulating through the hypothalamus. Which of the following mechanisms regulates temperature?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Shivering to maintain heat

  • Vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels

  • All of the above are examples of temperature regulation.

  • Sweating to lose heat

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 50

1

Heat from superficial heating agents generally penetrates to depths of less than 2 cm (approximately inch) from the surface of the skin. Subcutaneous tissue that is wellvascularized reaches its maximum temperature within 8 to 10 minutes of application. Which of the following individual patient factors would potentially alter this?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Both A and B could potentially alter the effects of superficial heating agents.

  • Neither A nor B would alter the effects of superficial heating agents.

  • The intensity of the superficial heating agent

  • The amount of adipose in the area being treated

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 50

1

According to Melzack and Wall’s gate control theory of pain, how does the application of therapeutic heat reduce the perception of pain?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The theory has not been proven; therefore the application of therapeutic heat does not reduce pain perception.

  • Thermal stimuli override sensory input and open the gate in the spinal cord.

  • Thermal stimuli inhibit nociceptor input to the spinal cord and open the gate in the spinal cord.

  • Thermal stimuli override painful stimuli and inhibit pain transmission.

Erklärung

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