Granulation tissue appearance includes ❌ from venular endothelium --> perpendicular to the wound surface, leaky (❌, ❌ (protein rich). --> ❌ growing in from sides and base of wound: makes collagen type 3 then 1, change phenotye to ❌ ( wound ❌ ), hyaluronic acid and sulfated proteoglycans made.
Bone fracture is a bone lesion which leads to bone discontinuity
Bone repair depends on; Type of ❌ - Result of strength & direction of applied force --> ❌ force (compressional fracture), Torsion force (❌ fracture), Combined ❌ and compressional force leads to an ❌ and displaced fracture Adjacent tissue damage effects ❌ of repair. (e.g muscles)
which one of these are bone repair host factors?
Age, nutrition & overall health
Site of injury
immobilisation of fracture
degree of damage
healing of bone is triphasic
Healing of bone phases 1: 2: Reparative 3:
What would most likely to occur after 2 days of bone injury?
Blood clot formation
Ingrowth of capillary sprouts & fibroblasts from wound edge
Fibrocartilage formation
trabeculae of cancellous bone unite
Callus formation into chondrocytes is in remodelling phase of bone repair.
Bone Callus is a collar of cells around a bone fracture. Has the same function as granulation tissue.
In the reparative phase (II) of bone repair, Trabeculae of ❌ bone slowly unite. There's ❌ ingrowth from edge of marrow cavity. ❌ differentiate, cancellous bone laid down. ❌ formed in less vascular areas. After long periods of time, ❌ start to remodel. Marrow slowly replaced.
In Remodelling Inflammatory Reparative( Remodelling, Inflammatory, Reparative ) phase (III) of bone repair, it may take years. Bone contours are re-organised and excess callus scar tissue( callus, scar tissue ) removed.
What happens after weeks of bone repair?
Chondrocytes multiply
All cancellous bone converted of to lamellar bone
Chondrocytes mineralises & dies after callus is vascularised
It is the remodelling phase, callus is removed
Surgical incisions in bone --> healing with minimal formation and minimal disruption to the bone's ordered structure
Neuronal cells are mitotic and can be replaced
What is Gliolisis?
Proliferation of neuroglia repairing damage
Glial cells dying off
Neurons proliferating
Dendrites proliferating
In PNS (Peripheral nervous system), nerve axons can be ❌. If Basement membrane of ❌ is disrupted, resorbed axons may miss each other resulting in a traumatic ❌. If they are ❌, axonal growth has path to follow.
When basement membrane is intact; (PNS)
Growth of axonal sprouts from surviving stumps begin at 4mm/day
There is no axonal sprout growth.
Myelin sheath breaks down around axonal tip
Tissue healing in liver - acute injury heals by complete regeneration, whilst chronic is usually leading to collapse of reticulin framework, along with surrounding by fibrosis also known as CIRRHOSIS.
Which one of these are correct in regards to tissue healing in kidneys?
Tubular epithelium can regenerate after damage
Glomeruli can regenerate - No scar tissue
Glomeruli cannot regenerate - Scar tissue formed
Metaplasia is a form of healing in epithelial surfaces
An example of metaplasia includes replacement of ciliated columnar epithelium to squamous type that is resistant to trauma in chronic smoking damaged individuals.
Cardiac muscle cells are permanent and does not regenerate. Repairs by fibrosis
Skeletal muscle has no ability of healing/regeneration at all.
Smooth muscle has limited regeneration - can regenerate if loss is minimal
Respiratory epithelium can cannot( can, cannot ) regenerate. However, basement membrane must be intact and CT framework minimally disrupted. If basement membrane disrupted, fibrosis inflammation( fibrosis, inflammation ) occurs.
Which one(s) of these answers are true of cartilage healing?
Will replace itself by superficial ulceration if damage is small
Cannot replace itself
Extensive damage may have resultant haematoma following fibrosis
Undergoes aplastic changes
Regeneration is good in tendon healing
