structure of the earth

1

describe and label the structure of the earth (ore, mantle, crust, and lithosphere)

Rocks and minerals

2

distinguish between minerals and rocks
minerals - naturally occurring in the earth's crust, chemical (elements or compounds) structure formed by the geological process.
rocks - 1 or more minerals, physically mixed and cemented or fused together

3

identify the properties that geologists use to distinguish between different types of minerals.
colour, luster, crystal shape & size, streak, hardness, cleavage

4

using tables or classification keys identify some, minerals based on their properties

5

identify that rocks can be divided into 3 main groups, based on how they are formed: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. using tables or classification keys to identify some common minerals based on their properties

igneous rocks

6

describe how igneous rocks are formed
molten rock or magma underneath the earth's crust

7

distinguish between different types of igneous rocks observable properties (pumice, basalt, granite, scoria, obsidian)
pumice - very light, buoyant
basalt - heavy, grey, smooth, small grains
granite - coarse, large grains, heavy
scoria - similar to pumice, heavier, darker in colour
obsidian - smooth, high lustre, black

sedimentary rocks

8

describe how sediment is deposited to form sedimentary rocks
weathering -> sediments get carried-> deposited-> compacted-> sedimentary rocks

9

distinguish between types of sedimentary rock (coal, limestone, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale)
coal - black, hard rock, fuel
limestone - made of marine skeletons
conglomerate - grey, made of different types of rocks
sandstone - beige, made of sand
shale - compact mud that has gone under lots of pressure

10

discuss how examination of sedimentary layers reveals information about earth history
the further the rock layers, the older the earth surface

11

state that the oldest rocks in sedimentary layers are at the base and the youngest at the top

fossils

12

identify that a fossil is evidence of a past life

13

describe the conditions under which fossils are formed
fossils are formed under heat and pressure

metamorphic rocks

14

describe how metaphoric rock is formed from other rock types
they are formed through the change of igneous and sedimentary rocks
melt and crystallise or squeezed and deformed

15

distinguish between some common examples of metamorphic rocks: slate, quartzite, marble and the parent rock
slate-parent rock: shale ->heat and pressure->slate
quartzite-contact metamorphosim-molten magma forced into cracks crust
marble-limestone->melts->recrystallises->marble

erosion and weathering

16

distinguish between erosion and weathering
erosion=In earth science, erosion is a processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location
weathering=the action of the weather conditions in altering the colour, texture, composition, or form of exposed objects specifically

17

give examples of how human activity causes a change to the earth's surface
mining, deforestation, building, global warming, pollution, highways, roads, cities, farming, damns, transportation, etc.

18

identify examples of chemical and physical weathering
chemical
Chemical Weathering from Water
Chemical Weathering from Oxygen
Chemical Weathering from Acids
Chemical Weathering from Living Organisms
physical
When water in a river or stream moves quickly, it can lift up rocks from the bottom of that body of water. When the rocks drop back down they bump into other rocks, and tiny pieces of the rocks can break apart.
Many rock surfaces have small crevices on them. Water can freeze in these crevices when it is cold, and then melt when the weather is warmer. This repeated freezing and thawing creates ice wedges, which can cause rocks to break.
Roots of plants growing into cracks may put pressure on the surrounding rock, eventually breaking rocks apart as the roots grow.

19

identify the agents of weathering and erosion
Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature

20

explain how rock weathers and how the process of erosion redistributes sediment
Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth.

rock cycle

21

identify that the rock cycle describes the constant reformation of rocks from one type into another in the lithosphere

land forms

22

research the processes (physical and chemical weathering, erosion and deposition) that form a range of landforms
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.

Science in action: mining

23

describe examples of how the understanding of science is used in the exploration, mining, and processing of minerals in Australia
coal
bauxite,ilmenite, iron ore, rutile and zircon; the second largest producer of gold, lead, lithium, manganese ore and zinc

24

recall how metals are mined and how valuable metal is extracted
mines and building production facilities

	Erstellt von Izzy Owen vor etwa 6 Jahre

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Science test revision