In terms of trimesters of pregnancy: First Trimester - Completes at weeks Second Trimester - Completes at weeks Third Trimester - Completes at weeks
Abnormal site of fertilisation and implantation is known as an pregnancy
Internal Os: ❌ External Os: ❌
Which scanning modality is used to estimate the length of gestation?
Ultrasound Scan
CT Scan
MRI Scan
Photoacoustic Imaging
Which hormone, produced by the placenta during pregnancy, confirms that a women is pregnant?
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta hCG)
Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Miscarriage is expulsion of a viable fetus from the womb before it is able to survive independently. What do you call a pregnancy whereby the embryo that was fertilisation was never viable in the first place? A pregnancy
A recently pregnant woman presents to you with vaginal bleeding and what she describes as 'period cramping'. She describes that she passed small products when using the toilet 20 minutes ago. This woman has likely had a
Stages of miscarriage: Threatened = ❌ Inevitable = ❌ Complete = ❌
Which autoantibody disease causes recurrent miscarriage?
The main two autoantibodies indicative of antiphospholipid syndrome are ...
Anti-cardiolipin Antibodies
Lupus Anticoagulant
Anti-Double Stranded DNA
Anticentromere Antibodies
Antinuclear Antibodies
Recurrent miscarriage is defined as ...
3 or more pregnancy losses
4 or more pregnancy losses
2 or more pregnancy losses
Where is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy?
The Fallopian Tubes
The Ovaries
The Cervix
The Uterus
A woman presents to A&E with sharp waves of lower abdominal pain, light vaginal bleeding and a feeling of dizziness. She describes these symptoms coming on over the past couple of days. If this patient were to have a positive hCG test, what would be the most likely diagnosis?
Blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy can build up and irritate certain nerves, causing pain which is commonly referred to the tip of the
Which part of the fallopian tubes is most commonly affected by ectopic pregnancy (78% of ectopic pregnancies)? The
Women suffering from ectopic pregnancy who are not in significant pain are offered a drug called first line if they are unable to return for follow-up. If they are able to return for follow-up, then watchful waiting is advised. If they are in significant pain, surgical management is advised.
Surgical management should be given to women who are experiencing significant pain as part of an ectopic pregnancy: Salpingectomy: ❌ Salpingotomy: ❌
Which type of abnormal pregnancy is described as looking like 'grape-like clusters'
Molar Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Types of Molar Pregnancy: ❌: Egg without DNA fertilised by 1 or 2 sperm, no foetus ❌: Haploid egg fertilised by 1 or 2 sperm, may result in foetus
What does this picture show?
Complete Molar Pregnancy
Partial Molar Pregnancy
In both partial and complete molar pregnancies there is overgrowth of the ...
Placental Tissue
Foetal Head
Umbilical Cord
'Snowstorm' appearance on ultrasound is indicative of complete molar pregnancy partial molar pregnancy normal pregnancy ectopic pregnancy( complete molar pregnancy, partial molar pregnancy, normal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy )
bleeding is an early sign of pregnancy and happens when a fertilised egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus in order to begin growing. This occurs in around 1/3 of pregnant women and does not require any medical treatment.
The most common sign of implantation bleeding is vaginal bleeding or spotting that is ...
Dark red
Light pink/brownish
Dark brown/blackish
A pooling of blood between endometrium and the embryo due to separation is called a
Chorionic Haematoma is the most common cause of second trimester bleeding.
Chorionic haematomas are usually self limiting and don't require any intervention
❌: Pain is the primary symptom ❌: Vaginal bleeding is the primary symptom
A woman presents to A&E complaining of vaginal pain and bleeding. She has a low grade fever and is both bradycardic and hypotensive. As you are speaking to her it is obvious that she is very quickly deteriorating and becoming less responsive. Upon further investigation, the doctors confirm she has an inevitable miscarriage. This woman is likely suffering from
If diagnosed with incomplete or missed miscarriage, a woman should be treated via expectant management pharmacological intervention surgical intervention( expectant management, pharmacological intervention, surgical intervention ) for 14 7 10( 14, 7, 10 ) days in order to try and bring about the expulsion of products.
If, after 14 days of expectant management, expulsion of products has not occurred, the woman should be offered medical management via Misoprostol Mifepristone( Misoprostol, Mifepristone ) in order to induce expulsion.
If a woman fails on both expectant and medical management of her incomplete/missed miscarriage, intervention should be offered.
Intrauterine death before 20 weeks gestation with retained products of conception and little to no pelvic pain or bleeding is known as a miscarriage
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