Centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxants are basically Central Nervous System depressants.
Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants affect:
a. skeletal muscle
b. cardiac muscle
c. smooth muscle
d. all the above are true
Neuromuscular blocking drugs work by:
a. disrupting nerve impulses at motor end plates
b. disrupting nerve impulses at post-synaptic neurons
c. both the above are true
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs are derived from curare alkaloids.
The ________________ is that area where a terminal nerve ending innervates a muscle.
a. motor end plate
b. synaptic cleft
Curare alkaloids:
Paralyze the diaphragm preventing breathing
cross the blood-brain-barrier
make one go unconscious immediately
compete with phosphorus involved in muscle contractions
The antidote for curare alkaloids are ____________ drugs.
anti-cholinesterase
cholinesterase
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs cannot be inactivated by cholinesterase.
Succinylcholine is metabolized slower than acetylcholine, resulting in:
Longer muscle paralysis
Shorter muscle paralysis
Succinylcholine has nothing to do with muscle paralysis
What are the movement disorders associated with Parkinson's disease?
a. Muscle rigidity
b. Akinesia
c. Tremors at rest
d. Posture/balance disturbances
e. a and d are correct
f. c and d are correct
g. All the above are correct
Akinesia is the absence of:
the power of voluntary movement
the ability to think
diaphragmatic movement
the ability of speech
The 2 types of therapy for Parkinson's disease are _____________ and ______________ drugs.
anti-cholinergic; dopaminergic
anti-cholinergic; anti-cholinesterase
cholinergic; dopaminergic
cholinergic; anti-cholinersterase
Anti-cholinergic drugs inhibit acetylcholine action at parasympathetic receptors.
Too much acetylcholine will excite the CNS causing parkinsonian tremor.
Dopaminergic drugs act on the brain to improve motor function.
Lavodopa can convert to dopamine:
a. before crossing the blood-brain-barrier
b. after crossing the blood-brain-barrier
COMT stands for:
a. Catechol-O-methyltransferase
b. Catechol-OH-methyltransacetylase
c. Catecholamine-O-methyltransacetylase
d. none of the above are correct
Another name of 5-HT1-receptor agonists is triptans.
5-HT1-receptor agonists and ergotamine preparations are both used in the treatment of:
migraines
musculoskeletal issues
seizures
Parkinson's disease
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs act like ____________.
acetylcholine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
dopamine
Physical and psychological dependence are major adverse effects of direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants.
Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with ___________ ions involved in skeletal muscle contraction:
sodium
calcium
magnesium
phosphorus
Parkinson's disease:
a. has a deficiency of dopamine
b. has an excess of acetylcholine
c. is a movement disorder
Another name for anti-cholinergic drugs is ____________ drugs.
parasympatholytic
sympatholytic
COMT inhibitors are reversible.
Triptans are used to treat:
Abortive anti-migraine drugs are designed to stop a migraine:
a. after it starts
b. before it starts
c. both the above are correct
d. neither of the above are correct
Levodopa needs passage through the blood-brain-barrier to become effective.
Carbidopa enhances the effectiveness of Levodopa by preventing its peripheral conversion to dopamine.
COMT inhibitors are used in Parkinson patients when the initial therapy begins to wear off.
Contraindication for taking triptans includes:
a. Ischemic
b. Cerebrovascular
c. Coronary artery disease
d. All the above are correct
Anti-cholinergic drugs inhibit acetylcholine action at sympathetic receptors.
For epilepsy and seizures a(an) ______________ drug is usually recommended.
a. anti-migraine
b. COMT inhibitor
c. dopaminergic
d. anti-convulsant
To have a higher conversion to dopamine after passing through the blood-brain-barrier, one needs to take ______________.
a. Levodopa
b. Carbidopa
c. Levodopa and Carbidopa
d. None of the above drugs have anything to do with dopamine
Anti-convulsant drugs:
a. Stabilize nerve cells from over excitement
b. Elevate seizure thresholds
c. Inhibit neuromuscular transmission
d. Increase GABA
e. All the above are correct
The neurotransmitter released at motor end plates is:
a. Norepinephrine
b. Dopamine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Epinephrine
The effectiveness of ergotamine preparations is increased by drinking coffee.