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Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance

Frage 1 von 18

1

Penicillin is in which class of antibiotics?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • B-lactams

  • Glycopeptides

  • Mannopeptimycins

  • Lantibiotics

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 18

1

How have antibiotic developers overcome bacteria that resist B-lactams by preventing them from entering the cell?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Produce membrane pores

  • Conjugate the B-lactam with a membrane transporter

  • Conjugate the B-lactam with a siderophore

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 18

1

In which decade was the first glycopeptide discovered?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 1950's

  • 1940's

  • 1960's

  • 1970's

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 18

1

Which drug was easier for microbes to develop resistance towards?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • B-lactams

  • Vancomycin

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 18

1

Are Mur enzyme inhibitors bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Bacteriocidal

  • Bacteriostatic

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 18

1

Reverse transcriptase has poor proofreading activity. What is a consequence of this?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Mutations do not occur as often

  • The viral genome is more likely to integrate permanently into the host genome

  • Mutations arise quickly and could cause antiviral resistance

  • The host cell genomic machinery is hijacked and loses proofreading ability

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 18

1

A patient has unprotected sex with someone who is HIV-positive and soon tests positive for HIV. You prescribe AZT and Nelfinavir in combination therapy.

The viral load continues to increase rather than decrease. Based merely on this information, what do you think has occurred?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The HIV has mutated to be resistant to AZT and Nelfinavir in your patient

  • Drug-resistant HIV was transmitted to your patient

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 18

1

A patient has unprotected sex with someone who is HIV-positive and soon tests positive for HIV. You prescribe AZT and Nelfinavir in combination therapy.

Your clinical microbiologist tests your patient’s HIV strain and find that it is currently not resistant to the drugs you have prescribed. Rather, your patient was not taking every dose of the antiviral cocktail. What should you, the doctor, do?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Tell the patient to begin taking the original drugs as prescribed

  • Change the prescription in case some viruses have gained mutations that make them resistant to the current drugs

  • Order another drug resistance test in a few weeks

  • Both a and c

  • Both b and c

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 18

1

Doxycycline is an Tetracycline antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, such as those causing acne, urinary tract infections, eye infections, and gum disease. However, it is imperative that children and pregnant or nursing mothers do not take this drug, as it can cause permanent yellowing/greying of teeth in babies and children.

The tooth discoloration is due to the fact that Tetracyclines can chelate (bind and sequester) the calcium ions needed for normal adult tooth development. Other than calcium, what do Tetracyclines bind to?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 50S ribosomal subunit

  • 30S ribosomal subunit

  • Dihydropteroate synthase

  • DNA helicase

  • RNA polymerase

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 18

1

Doxycycline is an Tetracycline antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, such as those causing acne, urinary tract infections, eye infections, and gum disease. However, it is imperative that children and pregnant or nursing mothers do not take this drug, as it can cause permanent yellowing/greying of teeth in babies and children.

A pregnant mother has a urinary tract infection. What antibiotic has the same mode of action as Doxycycline but wouldn’t cause the tooth discoloration in her child?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Penicillin

  • Vancomycin

  • Chloramphenicol

  • Quinolone

  • Aminoglycoside

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 18

1

Rabies virus has a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome. It is a neurotropic virus that spreads through saliva.

There is a drug called Favipiravir that is being tested for use against Rabies. What do you think is the mode of action of Favipiravir?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Halt DNA synthesis

  • Halt RNA synthesis

  • Prevent integration into host genome

  • Inhibit reverse transcriptase

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 18

1

You have a chronic athlete’s foot infection. Which antifungal cream would be the best choice?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Itraconazole

  • Clotrimazole

  • Griseofulvin

  • Nystatin

  • Amphotericin B

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 18

1

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole is used to treat Shigellosis. What is the mode of action of this Sulfonamide?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Inhibit translation

  • Inhibit nucleotide synthesis

  • Inhibit cell wall biosynthesis

  • Inhibit bacterial adherence to host cell

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 18

1

Fülle die Lücke, um den Text zu vervollständigen

refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host?

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 18

1

Fülle die Lücke, um den Text zu vervollständigen

In the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, the of the zone of inhibition is measured and used for interpretation.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 18

1

Fülle die Lücke, um den Text zu vervollständigen

A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium she has been studying produces an antimicrobial that kills gram-negative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram-positive bacteria. The new antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum activity is considered to be .

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 18

1

Which clinical situation would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine

  • prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure

  • treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes

  • empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 18

1

Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials are commonly used for prophylaxis following surgery.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

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