Which hormone stimulates growth of the endometrium in the menstrual cycle?
Oestrogen
Progesterone
hCG
Which hormone maintains the endometrium after fertilisation and during pregnancy, thus preventing its degradation?
On the diagram below, label the columnar epithelium, stromal cells and glands of the endometrium.
Label the corpus luteum and the corpus albicans
During the proliferative phase, which 2 of the following three parts of the endometrium proliferate?
Glands
Stroma
Columnar Epithelium
When ovulation occurs, which stage of the uterine cycle begins?
Menstrual Phase
Proliferative Phase
Secretory Phase
is the term given for prolonged and increased menstrual flow is the term given for menstrual bleeding occurring at a <21 day interval is the term given for menstrual bleeding occurring at a >35 day interval is the term given for the absence of menstrual bleeding for >6 months
❌ = Organic pathology causative of bleeding ❌ = Non-Organic problem causative of bleeding (condition of exclusion)
What is the most common cause of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding?
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding due to anovulation is common in which 2 of the following age groups?
Girls going through puberty
Adult women in their late 20s/early 30s
Post menopausal women
In Post-Menopausal women, an endometrial thickness of greater than 4mm 3cm 10mm( 4mm, 3cm, 10mm ) is an indication for biopsy
Growth of the endometrium out with the uterus is called
Which medication used for treatment of breast cancer can cause Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?
Tamoxifen
Abraxane
Anastrozole
Toremifene
Which investigative instrument is generally used to assess endometrial thickness?
Trans-vaginal ultrasound
Hysteroscopy
Abdominal x-ray
Which method of sampling the endometrium is the most common operation performed on women?
Endometrial Pipelle
Dilatation and Curettage of the Endometrium
What is the main disadvantage of using an endometrial pipelle over dilatation and curettage for taking an endometrial biopsy?
Endometrium is not visible during procedure
Anaesthesia cannot be given during the procedure
The procedure is less safe than its alternative
The procedure must only be conducted as an inpatient procedure
Which tumours most commonly cause abnormal uterine bleeding?
Endometriomas
Cervical Cancers
Ovarian Cancers
Uterine Leiomyomas
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding + the presence of inflammatory cells in the uterus is most likely to be indicative of …
Endometritis
Endometrioma
Endometriosis
Leiomyoma
Granulomatous Endometritis usually occurs secondary to which infectious disease?
Endometrial polyps are usually benign malignant( benign, malignant )
Endometrial polyps tend to form around the age of puberty
Histology of a miscarriage sample usually shows foetal red blood cells. How do these differ from maternal red blood cells?
Foetal red blood cells are nucleated, whereas maternal red blood cells are not
Maternal red blood cells are nucleated, whereas foetal red blood cells are not
The fast-growing uterine carcinoma of the cells that would normally form the placenta is called a
Which type of molar pregnancy is more likely to become a choriocarcinoma?
Complete mole
Partial mole
What is the name of the condition whereby proliferation of the endometrium breaks through into the myometrium?
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