Marine Biodiversity and Conservation

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❌: complete range of species and biological communities, as well as genetic variation within species and all ecosystem processes
❌: all species on Earth, from single celled bacteria to multicellular kingdoms
❌: genetic variation within species, both amoung geographically disparate populations and among individuals within a single population
❌: the different biological communities and their associates with the chemical and physical environment

Biodiversity

Species Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

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Species are generally defined in 3 ways:

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The most diverse places on Earth include:

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We are currentlyin the sixth major extinction event in Earth's history.

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Distribution and structure of terrestrial biodiversity lagged behind marine and freshwater ecosystems.

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What are the assumptions of a 2-factor CRD?

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Biodiversity measures:
❌ (S)
❌ (H')
❌ (Q)

Species richness

Shannon Diversity

Rao's quadratic entropy index

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Biodiversity hospots:

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Ecological processes that drive biodiversity:

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How do you quantify species richness?

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How do you quantify species diversity?

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Conservation is concerned with:

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____________ is the change in how a system is measured against a previous reference point, which may themselves represent a significant change from an earlier state of the system

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In the ( 11th, 10th, 12th, 14th ) century, England switched from ( freshwater, saltwater ) to ( saltwater, freshwater ) fishing. this was due both to the depletion of ( freshwater, saltwater ) species and the development of new fishing ( technology, locations ), such as better nets and boats.

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Humans have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering function and provisioning of services in every ocean

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Current ocean trends coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons suggest marine defaunation rates will rapidly ( intensify, decrease ) as human use of oceans industrializes

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Marine defaunation has gone too far for the ocean to recover.

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What is the allee effect?

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Major causes of biodiversity loss include...

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Overfishing results in...

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Examples of Fisheries-induced evolution include...

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What is the maximum sustainable yield?

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Invasive species:

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Soft sediment is important because...

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Soft sediment restoration is mainly happening by

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Study guide on Marine Biodiversity for Marine Vertebrates

Marine Biodiversity and Conservation

Species are generally defined in 3 ways:

The most diverse places on Earth include:

We are currentlyin the sixth major extinction event in Earth's history.

Distribution and structure of terrestrial biodiversity lagged behind marine and freshwater ecosystems.

What are the assumptions of a 2-factor CRD?

Biodiversity measures: ❌ (S) ❌ (H') ❌ (Q)

Biodiversity hospots:

Ecological processes that drive biodiversity:

How do you quantify species richness?

How do you quantify species diversity?

Conservation is concerned with:

____________ is the change in how a system is measured against a previous reference point, which may themselves represent a significant change from an earlier state of the system

Humans have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering function and provisioning of services in every ocean

Current ocean trends coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons suggest marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify decrease( intensify, decrease ) as human use of oceans industrializes

Marine defaunation has gone too far for the ocean to recover.

What is the allee effect?

Major causes of biodiversity loss include...

Overfishing results in...

Biodiversity measures:
❌ (S)
❌ (H')
❌ (Q)

Current ocean trends coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons suggest marine defaunation rates will rapidly ( intensify, decrease ) as human use of oceans industrializes

Trophic cascades occur in two directions: ( bottom-up, top-bottom ) (foundation species) and ( top-bottom, bottom-top ) (predator release).