Medical Problems in Pregnancy

1

Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy:
Blood Volume: ( Increases, Decreases )
Cardiac Output: ( Increases, Decreases )
Heart Rate: ( Increases, Decreases )
Blood Pressure: ( Decreases, Increases )

1

Prevalence of heart disease in pregnancy is rising due to which two main reasons?

1

Palpitations are a common finding in pregnant women and are not normally considered to be pathological

1

Hypertension is a common finding in pregnant women and are not normally considered to be pathological

1

If a woman's aortic root is wider than 45mm then she is at a high risk of aortic

1

Whilst they are considered normal, palpitations experienced by a woman during pregnancy are commonly investigated in order to rule out any potentially sinister connotations. Which investigative measure is most commonly used for this?

1

Palpitations in pregnancy are usually exacerbated by ( rest, exercise ) and relieved by ( exercise, rest )

1

NYHA Functional Classification is used to classify symptoms of chest pain and/or breathlessness. Which classes of the NYHA are considered abnormal in pregnancy?

1

Arterial pH typically ( increases, decreases ) to become more ( alkaline, acidic ) in pregnancy.
PaO2 typically ( increases, decreases ) whilst PaCO2 typically ( decreases, increases ) in pregnancy

1

Breathlessness is an uncommon symptom in pregnancy and should be considered pathological until proven otherwise.

1

Breathlessness in pregnancy is typically ( relieved, exacerbated ) by exertion

1

The period following childbirth whereby the mother's reproductive organs return to normal (typically around 6 weeks) is known as the

1

If a woman is on long term oral steroids for Asthma, during labour she should be given which medication?

1

Asthmatic women should not discontinue their inhalers during pregnancy as inhaled b2-agonists do not impair uterine activity or delay onset of labour

1

What is the most common direct cause of maternal death in pregnancy?

1

Women who are at a high risk of VTE should receive ( LMWH, Heparin, Warfarin ) throughout pregnancy and for ( 6, 2, 12 ) weeks postpartum

1

At which point are women most vulnerable to VTE?

1

Which LMWH medication is given to women in Tayside as VTE prophylaxis?

1

The dose of Dalteparin given is dependent on the weight of the woman

1

Which investigation is used first line to diagnose DVT in pregnant women?

1

A pregnant woman is found by a junior registrar to have a completely swollen, erythematous left thigh with severe back pain. Which mode of investigation should be conducted immediately?

1

If DVT/PE is suspected in a pregnant woman, D-dimers should be assessed thoroughly and urgently.

1

Which two investigations are commonplace in the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism?

1

❌: Involves radiation dose to woman and thus increases breast cancer risk
❌: Involves radiation dose to baby and increases risk of abnormality

CTPA

V/Q Scan

1

Warfarin is safe in pregnancy.

1

Women are able to breastfeed on which of the following anti-coagulant medications?

1

Recurrent miscarriages and early onset pre-eclampsia are signs of syndrome

1

How is Antiphospholipid Syndrome typically managed?

1

Which anticonvulsant is most likely to cause congenital malformations and should not be prescribed to any woman of childbearing age without highly effective contraception in place?

1

Due to the risk of foetal neural tube defects, women with epilepsy are advised to take 5mg daily of which vitamin prior to conception until at least the end of the first trimester?

1

Most women with epilepsy tend to have normal vaginal births

1

Medical Problems in Pregnancy lecture given in Week 4

Medical Problems in Pregnancy

Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy: Blood Volume: Increases Decreases( Increases, Decreases ) Cardiac Output: Increases Decreases( Increases, Decreases ) Heart Rate: Increases Decreases( Increases, Decreases ) Blood Pressure: Decreases Increases( Decreases, Increases )

Prevalence of heart disease in pregnancy is rising due to which two main reasons?

Palpitations are a common finding in pregnant women and are not normally considered to be pathological

Hypertension is a common finding in pregnant women and are not normally considered to be pathological

If a woman's aortic root is wider than 45mm then she is at a high risk of aortic

Whilst they are considered normal, palpitations experienced by a woman during pregnancy are commonly investigated in order to rule out any potentially sinister connotations. Which investigative measure is most commonly used for this?

Palpitations in pregnancy are usually exacerbated by rest exercise( rest, exercise ) and relieved by exercise rest( exercise, rest )

NYHA Functional Classification is used to classify symptoms of chest pain and/or breathlessness. Which classes of the NYHA are considered abnormal in pregnancy?

Arterial pH typically increases decreases( increases, decreases ) to become more alkaline acidic( alkaline, acidic ) in pregnancy. PaO2 typically increases decreases( increases, decreases ) whilst PaCO2 typically decreases increases( decreases, increases ) in pregnancy

Breathlessness is an uncommon symptom in pregnancy and should be considered pathological until proven otherwise.

Breathlessness in pregnancy is typically relieved exacerbated( relieved, exacerbated ) by exertion

The period following childbirth whereby the mother's reproductive organs return to normal (typically around 6 weeks) is known as the

If a woman is on long term oral steroids for Asthma, during labour she should be given which medication?

Asthmatic women should not discontinue their inhalers during pregnancy as inhaled b2-agonists do not impair uterine activity or delay onset of labour

What is the most common direct cause of maternal death in pregnancy?

Women who are at a high risk of VTE should receive LMWH Heparin Warfarin( LMWH, Heparin, Warfarin ) throughout pregnancy and for 6 2 12( 6, 2, 12 ) weeks postpartum

At which point are women most vulnerable to VTE?

Which LMWH medication is given to women in Tayside as VTE prophylaxis?

The dose of Dalteparin given is dependent on the weight of the woman

Which investigation is used first line to diagnose DVT in pregnant women?

Cardiovascular changes in pregnancy:
Blood Volume: ( Increases, Decreases )
Cardiac Output: ( Increases, Decreases )
Heart Rate: ( Increases, Decreases )
Blood Pressure: ( Decreases, Increases )

Palpitations in pregnancy are usually exacerbated by ( rest, exercise ) and relieved by ( exercise, rest )

Arterial pH typically ( increases, decreases ) to become more ( alkaline, acidic ) in pregnancy.
PaO2 typically ( increases, decreases ) whilst PaCO2 typically ( decreases, increases ) in pregnancy

Breathlessness in pregnancy is typically ( relieved, exacerbated ) by exertion

Women who are at a high risk of VTE should receive ( LMWH, Heparin, Warfarin ) throughout pregnancy and for ( 6, 2, 12 ) weeks postpartum

❌: Involves radiation dose to woman and thus increases breast cancer risk
❌: Involves radiation dose to baby and increases risk of abnormality