people's inattentiveness to politics

people's reliance on sources that slant information to fit their agendas

the tendency of politicians to "spin" information

all of the above

elitism

liberty

equality

self-government

political culture

political power

pluralism

diversity

the majority can decide all policy issues

there are limits on the rightful power of government over citizens

direct democracy will be favored over representative democracy

a "mixed economy" must be upheld at all costs

majoritaraianism

pluralism

factionalism

elitism

interaction between a private party and another private party

interaction between a government entity and another government entity

interaction between a private party and government

none of the above

requires the federal budget to be a balanced budget

provides that checks cashed at u.s. banks will be honored as legal tender

was a principle invented by the Progressives

allows the majority's will to work through representative institutions but places checks on the power of those institutions

through direct election of representatives

through indirect systems of popular election of representatives

by defining lawful powers and by dividing those powers among competing institutions

by making state law superior to national law when the two conflict

through direct and indirect systems of popular election of representatives

by defining the lawful powers of government

by dividing governing powers among competing institutions

by giving the majority absolute power to govern as it pleases

established a weak central government that was subordinate to the states

defined the legal relationship between the colonies and great britain

were proposed by the Progressives as a means of strengthening the power of the voters

were the constitutional articles proposed by the southern states at the 1787 Philadelphia convention

a list of individual rights would be protected by law

the anti-federalists no longer had any reason to oppose the adoption of the constitution

the national government could infringe on the rights of the states

the state governments could infringe on the rights of the national government

structure of the presidency

structure of congress

structure and powers of the federal judiciary

ratification of the new constitution

the states are not included in the power arrangement.

constitutional authority for governing is divided between a national government on the one hand and the state governments on the the other.

the states are not bound by the rules and regulations of the national government.

America set up the same type of governing structure as Britain except for its monarchy.

there was to be no change in the power relationship between the states and the nation in the new constitution.

the new constitution symbolically recognized the people for winning the Revolutionary War.

the states would not have to pay their war debts.

the national government under the Constitution would have direct power over the people, which it did not have under the Articles of Confederation.

the power to declare war

supremacy over the national government

reserved power

necessary and proper power

ruled in favor of state-centered federalism.

affirmed that national law is supreme over conflicting state law.

established the principle of judiciary review.

declared the "necessary and proper" clause unconstitutional.

the federal government raises roughly as much revenue as much revenue as do all state and local governments combined.

unlike states and localities, the federal government controls the american dollar and has a nearly unlimited ability to borrow money to cover its deficits.

the states possess the organizational resources to make fiscal federalism a workable arrangement

financial assistance from the federal government to the states is gradually being eliminated.

a shift in authority from the federal government to state and local governments.

the necessity for keeping federal and state spheres of responsibility absolutely separate from each other.

supreme court rulings in the period between the civil war and the new deal

increased recognition that the industrial economy is not confined by state boundaries and must be subject to national regulation.

14th

10th

5th

4th

1st

people who are biased against the defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury.

a court can order or constrain an action by an individual.

evidence obtained by unconstitutional methods ordinarily cannot be used in a trial.

"fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protection.

state governments only

the national government only

both national and state governments

all levels of government in the United States

establishing exceptions to the bill of rights

interfering in any matters where church and the state conflict

favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion

interfering with a person's practice of religion

Roe V. Wade

Mapp V. Ohio

Miranda V. Arizona

Schenk V. United States

the three-point test

the right of privacy

procedural due process

substantive due process

treating groups equally under the law

protecting an individual's right to religious belief

protecting public safety

permitting marriage by justices of the peace

has never tolerated discriminating against people on the basis of their race

outlawed discrimination based on race in the plessy case

refused to hear the legal case involving school segregation in Topeka, Kansas, because Kansas was not considered part of the south.

in Brown V. Board of education prohibited the practice of separate public schools for the purposes of racial segregation.

reasonable basis test

strict-scrutiny test

suspect classification standard

none of the above

food stamps

affirmative action

unemployment benefits

all of the above

have made gains in many traditionally male-dominated fields.

have achieved gains in the workplace through programs such as day care and parental leave.

hold a disproportionate number of the lower-wage jobs and are less likely to hold top-level management positions.

all of the above.

moved to outlaw it entirely.

moved to narrow its application to specific past acts of discrimination.

asked congress to clarify the policy.

asked the president to clarify the policy.

differences in registration requirements

use of screen ballot

frequency of elections

differences in the political party systems

participating in a social movement

taking part in a political demonstration or march

practicing civil disobedience

doing volunteer work for a political candidate or party.

high-income americans

college educated americans

young adult americans

americans with a strong sense of civic duty

purely an individual's responsibility

the responsibility of government officials

taxed, although the tax is only a small amount in most european countries

open only to citizens of thirty years of age or older in most european countries

vote in national elections

join labor unions

participate in community activities

regard protest as the most patriotic form of participation

many people who participate in politics often do so from a sense of civic duty

america's culture of individualism discourages a reliance on political involvement

there are more barriers to regular participation in elections in the united states than in Europe.

americans place more emphasis on the public (political) sphere as a means of attaining their social and economic goals that they place on the private (economic) sphere.

acts as a support for an elitist government

makes it difficult for the public to participate in politics

can mobilize citizens to collective action to compete for power with those who have wealth and prestige

can function as an alternative to free and open media

the emergence of a viable third party.

a sharp decline in voter turnout.

a decline in the level of two-party competition in state and local elections.

a switch to support republican candidates in presidential elections

proportional representation

multimember election districts

single-member districts with proportional voting

single-member districts with plurality voting.

running televised ads

developing an effective website

organizing door-to-door canvassing efforts

paying the legal and accounting expenses related to filing information about campaign donors and expenditures with the federal elections commisions

become weaker and less effective

taken over control and direction of the national parties

been hurt by services provided by the national party organizations

become more professional in staffing and support of statewide races

the degree to which they are party centered as opposed to candidate centered.

the nature of their party organizations: the extent to which they are organized at the local and national levels, and the amount of power that exists at each of these levels.

the type of electoral system in which they elect their candidates to office.

all of the above.