1. The PEAR DB functions can be accessed using DB::<function_name>.
2. The string argument of the function for connecting to a database is of the format <DBMS software>://<user account>:<password>@<database server>
3. The PEAR DB functon for connecting to a database is called DB::linkto database('string').
4. The DBMS software in <DBMS software>://<user account>:<password>@<database server> stands for the particular DBMS software package being connected to: for example mysqli for versions of MySQL starting with version 4.1.2
5. The PEAR DB function DB::is Error can be used to determine whether any database access operation was successful or not.
6. In PHP, an _____ array provides pairs of key=>value elements; the value of an element is referenced through its key and all key values in a particular array must be unique.
a) Numeric
b) Value
c) String
d) Associative
7. Multi-line PHP comments start with // and end with #.
8. PHP written in C and usually comes installed with Unix: for other operating systems, the PHP interpreter can be downloaded from http://www.php.net
9. The PHP start tag is <?php and end the tag is ?>.
10. Web pages, where part of the information is extracted from databases or other data source, are called dynamic Web pages
11. In PHP, a ____ array associates a numeric index with each element in the array
b) Associated
c) Variable
d) String
12. PHP variable names start with a $ sign and can include characters, numbers, and the underscore character
13. Interpolating variables occurs only within single-quoted strings.
14. PHP programs are executed on the client.
15. The auto-global predefined PHP variable $_POST is an array that holds all the values entered through form parameters.
16. The JDBC _____ libraries are called java.sql.*
a) Method
b) Function
c) Class
17. JDBC does not distinguish between queries that return single tuples and those that return multiple tuples.
19. The use of function calls is a more dynamic approach for database programming than embedded SQL.
20. A _____ object is similar to a cursor in embedded SQL and an iterator in SQLJ.
a) Procedure
b) Function call
c) Result Set
21. _____ is the part of the SQL standard that specifies how to write persistent stored modules.
a) SQL/PSM
b) XML
c) SQLJ
d) ResultSet
22. Database stored procedures (aka persistent stored modules) are stored and executed by the DBMS at the database server.
True
False
23. Discuss advantages and diadvantages to the library of function calls approach
a) Disadvantage are the loss of flexibility in changing the query at runtime and that all changes to queries must be recompiled.
b) The main advantage is flexibility in generating queries at runtime. Also, the library of function calls approach is able to call multiple data program.
c) The main advantage is flexibility in generating queries at compile time. Also, the library of function calls approach is able to call multiple single program.
d) Disadvantages are more complex programming, inability to do checking at compile time, and concerns about SQL runtime errors.
e) The main advantage is the query text is part of source code and can be checked for syntax errors and validated against the data. The program is quite readable.
24. It is necessary to have a binding between the data types of the programming language and the attribute data types in the data model
25. In SQLJ, embedded SQL commands are preceded by #sql.
27. One advantage of using an SQLJ translator is that it is not necessary to install drivers such as a JDBC driver.
28. Describe the three main approaches for database programming.
a) Using a library of database functions. This approach provides what is known as an application programming interface (API) for accessing a database from applications programs.
b) Using a library of database methods. This approach provides what is known as an application programming interface (API) for accessing a database from applications programs
c) Embedded SQL. Embeding database commands in a general-purpose programming language. A preprocessor extracts the embedded SQL from the source code and replaces it with function calls to DBMS-generated code.
d) Embedded SQL. Embeding database commands in a specific-purpose programming language. A preprocessor can not extract code, but function calls to be extracted to DBMS-generated code.
e) Designing a new database programming language.
f) Embedded SQL. Embeding database commands in a specific-purpose programming language. A preprocessor extracts the embedded SQL from the source code and replaces it with function calls to DBMS-generating code
29. In XML _____ defines the set of commands (names) that can be used
a) Namespace
b) Valid
c) Document
d) Invalid
30. In XML schema, the tag _____ is used tospecify primary keys.
a) xs:element
b) xsd:key
c) psd:schema
d) xs:sequence
31. A * following an element name means the element can be repeated zero or one times (an optional, single-valued, nonrepeating elements)
32. If an XML document is well-formed and follows a particular schema, it is _____
b) Keys
c) Invalid
d) Valid
33. The XML schema, it is possible to specify constraints that correspond to unique and primary key constraints ina relational database, as well as foreign keys constraints
34. An element that does not have *, +, or ? following the element name means the element must appear exactly once in the document (a required, single-valued, nonrepeating element).
35. A ? following an element name means that element can be repeated zero or more times in the document (an optional, mult-valued, repeating element).
36. The basic object in XML is the XML document, which is structured using types and iterators.
37. How does a well-formed XML document look like?
a) It is syntactically correct: a non-single root element with every element including a matching pair of start/end tags within the start-end of the parent element
b) It must finish with an XML declaration to indicate the version of XML.
c) It is syntactically correct: a single root element with every element including a matching pair of start/end tags within the start-end tags of the parent element
d) It is syntactically correct: a single root element with every element except a matching pair of start/end tags within the start-end tags of the parent elements
e) It must start with an XML declaration to indicate the version of XML
38. Struct type constructors include the set (T), list (T), bag(T), array(T), and dictionary (K,T) type constructors.
39. Three major differences between the relational and object database design.
a) In ODB design a binary relationship can be declared in one direction or both. If attributes are included in both directions, there is a potential problem with redundancy.
b) In ODB design a binary relationship can be declared in one direction or both. If attributes are included in both directions, there is no any problem
c) In an ODB, operations must be defined early since they are part of the classes specifications. In RDBs, operations may not be defined until implementation
d) In RDB inheritance is built into the model; ODBs do not have built-in constructs for inheritance.
e) In an RDB, operations must be defined early since they are part of the class specifications. In an ODB, operations may not be defined until implementation
f) In ODB inheritance is built into the model; RDBs do not have built-in constructs for inheritance.
40. The typical mechanisms for making an object an object persistent are naming and reachability.
41. The main property required of an OID is that it be immutable (should not change).
42. _____ inheritance occurs when a subtype inherits only some of the functions of a supertype.
a) Generalisation
b) Complete encapsulation
c) Conditional
d) Selective
43. In operator overloading (or polymorphism), an operation name may refer to several distinct implementations, depending on the type of object it is applied to.
44. In ______ all operations that can be applied to an object must be predefined.
a) Half encapsulation
c) Object identifier
d) Feedback loop
45. The implementation of an operation is called its signature.
46. A subtype is used when a new type is needed that is similar but not identical to an already defined type.
47. The dictionary constructor creates a collection of two tupes (K,V) where the value of a key K can be used to retrieve the can be used to retrieve the corresponding value V.
48. An ODMS provides a unique identity to each independent object in the database via a unique, system-generated ____.
a) Selective
b) Complete encaplsulation
49. An object typically has three components: state, timing, and behavior
50. The 80-20 rule suggests that 80% of the workload is presented by 20% of the most frequently used transactions, which govem the physical database design.
51. The phases (or activities) of the life cycle are not strictly in sequence; ______ are common among and within the phases of the life cycle.
a) One-shot
b) Requirements collection
c) Feedback loop
d) View integration
52. In the _____ approach to schema design, a scheme is designed for each user group or application based phase, these schemas are merged into a global conecptual schema.
a) Requirements analysis
b) Feedback loops
c) Feasibility analysis
d) One-shot
e) View integration
53. A large database typically has large transaction volumes and rates, is used in service sector industries, and runs 24/7
54. Many organizations use data dictionary systems (information repositories) to manage meta-data, i.e., data that describes the database structure, constraints, applications, authorizations, users, and so forth.
55. What are the three goals of database design?
a) Satisfy the information content requirements of the generalised users and applications.
b) Support result
c) Support processing requirements and any performance objectives.
d) Provide a natural and easy-to-understand structuring of the information.
e) Satisfy the information content requirements ofthe specified users and applications.
f) Provide a comlicated structuring of the information.
56. _______ involves interacting with potential users and user groups to identify their particular problems and needs.
a) view-integration
b) requirements collection and analysis
c) feasibility analysis
d) one-shot
e) feedback loop
57. A transaction processing system can be characterized as one with several dozen gigabytes of data and a schema with more than 30 or 40 distinct entity types
58. Identify the three criteria to guide the choice of physical database design options
a) Space utisilation
b) Availability of vendor services
c) Transaction throughput
d) Response time
e) Familiarity of personnel with the system
59. Identify the three factors to consider in choosing one DBMS over another
b) Organization-wide adoption of a certain philosophy (data model, vendor, methodology, tools)
c) Availability of vendor services
d) Transaction throughput
e) Response time
f) Familiarity of personnel with the system
60. _____ is concerned with analyzing potential application areas, identifying the economics of information gathering and dissemination, performing preiliminary cost-benefit studies, determining the complexity of data and processes, and setting up priorities among applications.
a) Feasibility analysis
b) Requirements collection and analysis
c) View integration
e) Feedback loops
61. The initial requirements can be expected to be formal, complete, consistent, and correct.
62. In the ______ schema design approach, the requirements from the different stakeholders are merged into a single set of requirements before the schema design begins.
a) Requirements collection
b) Feedback loop
c) Centralized (or one-shot)
d) Requirements analysis
63. What two things does minimizing redundancy imply?
a) Reducing the need for multiple updates to maintain consistency across multiple copies of the same information.
b) Reducing the redundant information in tuples.
c) Making sure the semantics of the attributes is clear in the schema
d) Minimizing redundant storage of the same information
e) Disallowing the possibility of generating spurious tuples
64. Third normal form (3NF): R is 2NF and all non-prime attributes are transively dependent on the primary key.
65. First normal from (1NF): the domain of an attribute must include only atomic (simple, indivisible, scalar) values and the value of any attribute ina tuple must be a single value from the domain of that attribute.
66. A functional dependency is a property of the relation schema R not of a particular legal relation state r or R, therefor it must understands the semantics of the attributes of R.
67. Second normal form (2NF): R is 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on the primary key of R
68. What are four informal guidelines that may be used to measure the quality of a relation schema design?
b) Disallowing the possibility of generating spurious tuples.
c) Reducing the redundant information in tuples
d) Reducing the NULL values in tuples
e) Making sure the semantics of the attributes is clear in the schema
f) Minimizing redundant storage of the same information
69. Normalization of data can be considered a process of analyzing the given relation schemas based on their functional dependencies and primary keys to achieve closure on the domain space
71. When mapping a binary M:N relationship type R, create a new relation S to represent R, including as foreign key attributes in S the primary keys of the relations that are the perticipating entity types (their combination in S is the composite primary key of S).
The symbol σ (sigma) is used to denote the SELECT operator in the relational algebra
A EQUIJOIN uses any of the comparison operators =, <, ≤, >, ≥, or ≠.
The symbol π (pi) is used to denote the PROJECT operation in the relational algebra.
78. A THETA JOIN uses the comparison operator =
80. SQL is both a data definition language (DDL) and a data manipulation language (DML).
81. A key uniquely identifies a tuple in a relation.
82. When the DELETE operation violates a contraint, the deletion must be rejected.
83. Semantic integrity constarint may be enforced using mechanisms called triggers and assertions.
84. If a multi-table query refers to two or more attributes with the same name, we must qualify the attribute name with the table name, e.g., TABLE.Attribute, to prevent ambiguity.
85. A relation schema may only have one key.
86. Tuples in a relation are ordered.
88. The DELETE operation can violate referential integrity.
89. The INSERT operation can violate domain constraints, key constraints, entity integrity, or referential integrity.
90. The theortical basis of the relation data model is set theory and first-order predicate logic.
92. Attributes that represent the same real-world concept must have identical names in different relations.
93. When the INSERT operation violates a constraint, the default option is to reject the insertion.
94. Attributes must have unique domains.
95. NULL values may mean value unknown, value exits but is not available, attribute does not apply to this tuple (value undefined).
96. All tuples in a relation must be distinct.
102. The $d->query function takes an SQL command as its string argument and sends it to the database server for execution.
103. The _____ is a collection of several libraries of functions for enhancing PHP.
a) DBMS
b) PHP Extension and Application Repository (PEAR)
c) MYSQL
d) PHP SQL
104. The _____ variable is similar to cursor and iterator variables.
a) $d->query
b) post
c) $r
105. The abend function can be used to terminate a PHP program if there is an error.
106. The PHP function $d->nextID creates a sequence of unique values for a particular table.
115. The ___________ R S keeps tuple in the first {left} relation R; if no matching tuple found in S, then the attribute of S in the join are filled with NULL values
o LEFT OUTER JOIN
o RIGHT OUTER JOIN
o FULL OUTER JOIN
o LEFT INNER JOIN
116. If a relation schema has more than one key, each is called a _______ key.
o Candidate
o Primary
o Public
o Foreign
117. A ¬¬¬_________conflict arises when an attribute may have different domains in two schemas, e.g. pounds vs kilograms
o Domain
o Type
o Norming
o Constraints
119. Objects in an object-oriented programming language exist only during program execution, therefore they are called transient objects; an object-oriented database can extend the existence of objects so that they are stored permanently, therefore they are called
o persistent object
o instance variable
o attribute
o object structure
120. __________________ is the term used to refer to the problems that occur because of difference between the database model and the programming language model.
o Independence mismatch
o Denormalisation
o Redundancy
o Duplication
121. A __________________ is typically used to loop over the tuples in a query result
o Cursor {iterator variable}
o Shared variable
o Communication variables
o fetch
122. NULL values may mean value unknown, value exists but isn't available, and attribute does not apply to this tuple (value undefined)
123. A THETA JOIN uses any of the comparison operators =,<,>
124. For structured data, the schema information is mixed in with the data values, so it is sometimes referred to as self-describing data.
125. The main advantage of using a function call interface is that it makes it easier to access multiple databases within the same application program
126. In PHP, Interpolating variables may occur within double-quoted or single-quoted strings
127. In PHP, the $d->query function takes an SQL command as its string argument and sends it to the database server for execution.
128. The ________________ property ensures that either all the database operations in a transaction are executed or none are
o Atomicity
o Transaction
o Isolation
o Concurrency
129. ____________________occurs when the same data is stored multiple times
o Normalisation
o Denormalization
o Persistent
130. Creating a database design that only stores each logical data item in only one place is the database is called______________________.
o Normalization
131. When a database design is in ____________, each value in a tuple is in atomic value.
o First normal form
o Second normal form
o Third normal form
o Forth normal form
132. An entity cannot exist in a database merely by being a member of a subclass, it must also be a member of the superclass
133. An entity that is a member of a subclass may inherit one, some, or all the attributes of the entity as a member of the superclass.
134. The ________________ property allows several users to update the same data in a controlled manner so that result of the updates is correct
The theoretical basis of the relational data model is set theory and first-order predicate logic
Semantic integrity constraints may be enforced using mechanisms called triggers and assertions.
When mapping a binary M:N relationship type R, create a new relation S to represent R, including as foreign key attributes in S the primary keys of the relations that are the participating entity types (their combination in S is the composite primary key of S).
$_SESSION − An associative array containing session variables available to the current script.
PHP makes use of mail() function to send an email. This function requires three mandatory arguments that specify the recipient's email address, the subject of the the message and the actual message additionally there are other two optional parameters.
The interpreter identifies variable names within double-quoted strings by their initial character $ and replaces them with the value in the variable. This is known as interpolating variables within strings. Interpolation does not occur in single-quoted strings
SQLJ was developed after JDBC, which is used for accessing SQL data- bases from Java using function calls
Most NoSQL databases support automatic __________, meaning that you get high availability and disaster recovery
<text>processing</text>
<text>scalability</text>
<text>replication</text>
<text>All of the mentioned</text>
The Web Services Architecture supports interaction between a service provider, service requestor, and service registry.
Multi-line PHP comments start with // and end with #.
Define types of abstractions by the relations as "A is <u>made of/composed of</u> B,C,D"
Classification
Aggregation
Generalization
Specialization
FETCH commands are issued in the program; each FETCH moves the cursor to the next row in the result of the query, making it the cur- rent row and copying its attribute values into the C (host language) program variables specified in the FETCH command by an INTO clause.</text>
Define types of abstractions by the relations as "B,C,D are special cases of A"
A JDBC driver is basically an implementation of the function calls specified in the JDBC application programming interface (API) for a particular vendor's RDBMS.
In PHP, a numeric array associates a numeric index with each element in the array.
Before being able to process JDBC function calls with Java, it is necessary to import the JDBC class libraries, which are called java.sql.*.
How can you change "Hansen" into "Nilsen" in the "LastName" column in the Persons table?
• UPDATE Persons SET LastName='Hansen' WHERE LastName='Nilsen'
• UPDATE Persons SET LastName='Nilsen' WHERE LastName='Hansen'
• MODIFY Persons SET LastName='Hansen' WHERE LastName='Nilsen'
• UPDATE FROM Persons SET LastName='Nilsen' WHERE LastName='Hansen'
Publisher table contains id and name columns. Id is auto incremented and name is of varchar(40) type. Which of the following queries will execute NOT correctly?
INSERT INTO Publisher (name) values ('O'Reilly');
INSERT INTO Publisher (name) values ('O Reilly');
INSERT INTO Publisher (name) values ('OReilly');
INSERT INTO Publisher (name) values ('O-Reilly');
What is the correct order of clauses for a proper SQL query?
SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY
SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, HAVING
SELECT, FROM, GROUP BY, WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY
SELECT, FROM, WHERE, HAVING, GROUP BY, ORDER BY
Which clause indicates the table(s) from which data is to be retrieved?
FROM
SELECT
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
161. Which clause is executed first in a SQL query?
ON
162. Which of the following DROP statements is INCORRECT?
• DROP DATABASE
• DROP ROW
• DROP INDEX
• DROP TABLE
163. Which of the following is NOT a language element of SQL?
Expression
Data mining
Query
Statement
Clause
Which operator is used to search for a specified pattern in a column?
LIKE
ALIASE
PATTERN
165. Which operator is used to select values within a range?
RANGE
AND
BETWEEN
OR
With SQL, how can you delete the records where the "Address" is "Almaty" in the Student Table?
• DROP ROW Student ='Almaty' FROM Address
• DELETE FROM Student ROW Address ='Almaty'
• DROP ROW Address ='Almaty' FROM Student
• DELETE ROW Address ='Almaty' FROM Student
166. Which term is used to describe data organized in rows and columns?
Program
Index
Table
With SQL, how can you return all the records from a table named "Persons" sorted descending by "FirstName"?
• SELECT * FROM Persons GROUP BY FirstName DESC
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName DESC
• SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY FirstName
• SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY FirstName DESC
169. With SQL, how can you return the number of records in the "Employee" table?
• SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employee
• SELECT * FROM Employee GROUP BY
• SELECT NUM(*) FROM Employee
• RETURN COUNT(*) FROM Employee
170. With SQL, how do you select all the records from a table named "Persons" where the value of the column "FirstName" starts with an "a"?
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE 'a%';
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%a%';
• SELECT All FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE='a';
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE 'a*';
171. With SQL, how do you select all the records from a table named "Persons" where the "FirstName" is "Alma" and the "LastName" is "Alimova"?
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=' Alma ' AND LastName=' Alimova'
• SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=' Alma ' OR LastName=' Alimova'
• SELECT FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=' Alma ' AND LastName=' Alimova'
• SELECT * FROM Persons HAVING FirstName=' Alma ' AND LastName=' Alimova'
Which of the following is not a NoSQL database ?
SQL Server
MongoDB
Cassandra
None of the mentioned
Which of the following is a NoSQL Database Type ?
SQL
Document databases
JSON
All of the mentioned
Which of the following is a wide-column store ?
Riak
Redis
An ODMS provides a unique identity to each independent object stored in the database via a unique, system-generated ________________
<text>object identifier (OID)</text>
<text>literals</text>
<text>indirect pointer</text>
<text>constructor</text>
Define types of abstractions by the relations as "A is a <u>member of</u> class B
<text>Classification</text>
<text>Aggregation</text>
<text>Generalization</text>
<text>Specialization</text>
Define types of abstractions by the relations as "B <u>is-an</u> A, C <u>is-an</u> A, D <u>is-an</u> A"
How will you close a MySql database using PHP?
mysql_destroy
mysql_exit
mysql_end
mysql_close
How will you concatenate two strings?
Using . operator
Using + operator
Using add() function
Using append() function
How will you connect a MySql database using PHP?
mysql_connection
mysql_query
mysql_fetch_array
mysql_connect
How will you destroy a session in PHP?
session_destroy()
destroy_session()
$_SESSION['destroy']
$_SESSION['']
How will you start a session in PHP?
<text>session_start()</text>
<text>start_session()</text>
<text>$_SESSION['start']</text>
<text>$_SESSION['']</text>
How will you unset a single session variable?
<text><![CDATA[<?phpunset($_SESSION['counter']);?>]]></text>
<text><![CDATA[<?phpisset($_SESSION['counter']); ?>]]></text>
<text>$_SESSION['unset']</text>
Identify factors to consider in choosing one DBMS over another. I. Organization-wide adoption of a certain philosophy (data model, vendor, methodology, tools). I. Familiarity of personnel with the system. III. Availability of vendor services.
• <text>I, II</text>
• <text>I, II, III</text>
• <text>II, III</text>
• <text>I, III</text>
• In which type of PHP arrays the element values can be strings or integers?
• <text>numeric</text>
• <text>associative</text>
• <text>indexed</text>
• <text>none</text>
• In XML schema, the tag ________________ is used to specify foreign keys
• <text>xsd:keyref</text>
• <text>xsd:element</text>
• <text>xsd: unique</text>
• <text>xsd:foreignkey</text>
• NoSQL databases is used mainly for handling large volumes of ______________ data
unstructured
structured
semi-structured
all of the mentioned
• Point out the wrong statement
Non Relational databases require that schemas be defined before you can add data
NoSQL databases are built to allow the insertion of data without a predefined schema
NewSQL databases are built to allow the insertion of data without a predefined schema
• The ___ notation applies to user-defined subclasses of a specialization that must be ________, as illustrated by the specialization "every STUDENT must be either an GRADUATE_STUDENT, or a UNDERGRADUATE_STUDENT"
• <text>d, disjoint</text>
• <text>j, joint</text>
• <text>o, overlapping</text>
• <text>u, union</text>
• 190. The case of specialization what the same (real-world) entity may be a member of more than one subclass of the specialization for example, an alumnus may also be an employee and may also be a student pursuing an advanced degree (PERSON entity type, which is specialized into the subclasses {EMPLOYEE, ALUMNUS, STUDENT})
• <text> disjoint</text>
• <text> joint</text>
• <text>overlapping</text>
• <text>union</text>
• The case represents a single superclass/subclass relationship with more than one superclass, where the superclasses represent different entity types
• This auto-global built-in array variable which provides the IP (Internet Protocol) address of the client user computer that is accessing the server, for example 129.107.61.8.
• <text>$_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']</text>
• <text>$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDRESS']</text>
• <text>$_SERVER['REMOTE_HOST'] </text>
• <text>$_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] </text>
• <text>$_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']</text>
• This auto-global built-in array variable which provides the part of the URL address that comes after a backslash (/) at the end of the URL.
• This auto-global built-in array variable which provides the string that holds parameters in a URL after a question mark (?) at the end of the URL. This can hold search parameters, for example.
• This auto-global built-in array variablewhich provides the Web site name of the server computer where the PHP interpreter is running.
• What does PHP stands for
• <text>Personal Hypertext Processor</text>
• <text>PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor</text>
• <text>Private Home Page</text>
• <text>Private Hypertext Preprocessor</text>
• What does S in BASE refers to?
• <text>System Consistence</text>
• <text>System Availability</text>
• <text>Changing System</text>
• <text>System Stability</text>
• [What does the term "I" expands to in the term "ACID"?
• <text>Isolated</text>
• <text>Inseparable</text>
• <text>Indispensable</text>
• <text>Insulted</text>
• What does XML stand for?
• <text>eXtensible Markup Language</text>
• <text>Example Markup Language</text>
• <text>X-Markup Language</text>
• <text>eXtra Modern Link</text>
• What does XSL stand for?
• <text>eXtensible Stylesheet Language</text>
• <text>eXtra Style Language</text>
• <text>eXpandable Style Language</text>
• <text>eXtensible Style Listing</text>
• What is the correct syntax of the declaration which defines the XML version?
• <?xml version="1.0" />
• <?xml version="1.0"?>
• <xml version="1.0" />
• Which company did Cassandra was primarily developed in?
• <text>Apache</text>
• <text>Facebook</text>
• <text>Google</text>
• <text>Amazon</text>
• Which feature of CAP refers to load balancing
None of these
C
P
A
• Which of the following is correct about PHP
Key-value
Wide-column
Document
• PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".]
• PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML
• It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites
• All of these statement
• Which of the following is correct about variable naming rules?
• Variable names must begin with a letter or underscore character
• A variable name can consist of numbers, letters, underscores.
• A variable name can consist of numbers, letters, underscores. you cannot use characters like + , - , % , ( , ) . & , etc in a variable name.
• Which of the following is not a NoSQL database?
• <text>SQL Server</text>
• <text>MongoDB</text>
• <text>Cassandra</text>
• <text>None of the mentioned</text>.
• Which of the following method can be used to create a MySql database using PHP?
• <text>mysql_connect()</text>
• <text>mysql_query()</text>
• <text>mysql_close()</text>
• <text>None of the above</text>
• Which of them could not be applied to techniques for looping through arrays in PHP
• $courses = ('Database', 'OS', 'Graphics', 'Data Mining');
• $courses = array('Database', 'OS', 'Graphics', 'Data Mining');
• $teaching = array('Database' => 'Smith', 'OS' => 'Carrick', 'Graphics' => 'Kam');
• $teaching['Graphics'] = 'Benson';
• A key difference between structured and semistructured data concerns how the schema constructs (such as the names of attributes, relationships, and entity types) are handled.
• A large database typically has large transaction volumes and rates, is used in service sector industries, and runs 24/7
• A library of functions, also known as an application programming interface (API), is used to access the database
• A safer way to do inserts and other queries is through the use of placeholders (specified by the ? symbol) in PHP
• Associative array − An array with strings as index. This stores element values in association with key values rather than in a strict linear index order.
• In SQLJ, an iterator is a type of object associated with a collection (set or multiset) of records in a query result.
• In SQLJ, embedded SQL commands are preceded by #sql.
• In XML schema, it is possible to specify constraints that correspond to unique and primary key constraints in a relational database, as well as foreign keys constraints.
• Interfaces are defined to provide a common function names to the implementers. Different implementers can implement those interfaces according to their requirements. You can say, interfaces are skeletons which are implemented by developers.
• Numeric array − An array with a numeric index. Values are stored and accessed in linear fashion.
• OPEN CURSOR command is issued to indicate that we are done with processing the result of the query associated with that cursor.
• PHP is written in C and usually comes installed with Unix; for other operating systems, the PHP interpreter can be downloaded from http://www.php.net.
• The cursor is declared when the SQL query command is declared in the program. Later in the program, an OPEN CURSOR command fetches the query result from the database and sets the cursor to a position before the first row in the result of the query.
• The typical mechanisms for making an object persistent are naming and reachability
• XML attribute values must always be enclosed in quotes
• XML elements cannot be empty
• XML's goal is to replace HTML
• XQuery is the language for querying XML data
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the embedded SQL approach.
• The main advantage is the query text is part of the source code can be checked for syntax errors and validated against the database schema at compile time. The program is quite readable. Since queries are known in advance, the choice of program variables to hold query results is simple.
• The main advantage is flexibility in generating queries at runtime. Also, the library of function calls approach is able to call multiple data program.
• The main disadvantage is the query text is part of the source code can be checked for syntax errors and validated against the database schema at compile time. The program is quite readable. Since queries are known in advance, the choice of program variables to hold query results is simple.
• Disadvantage are more complex programming, inability to do checking at compile time, and concerns about SQL runtime errors.
• Disadvantage are the loss of flexibility in changing the query the query at runtime and that all changes to queries must be recompiled.
