Is the rapid distribution of the inflammatory process in the peribronchial tissue typical for bronchiolitis?
yes
no
Can angina complicate with hyperplasia of the lymph follicles of the tonsils?
Yes
No
Can chronic adhesive leptomeningitis complicate with nerve injury?
Podocytes are located on
the proximal convoluted tubule
the visceral sheet of Bauman capsule
Are the basal membranes of the endometrial glands in glandular hyperplasia preserved?
Is jaundice a feature of hemolytic anemia?
Is the sago spleen characteristic for Hodgkin lymphoma?
Can aneurysms be caused by inflammatory changes in the vascular wall?
Is the cortical surface of the kidney in chronic glomerulonephritis smooth and even?
Can rheumatism affect the pericardium?
Is the basement membrane of the epithelium destroyed in cervical carcinoma in situ?
Are the both kidneys symmetrically affected in chronic obstructive pyelonephritis?
Is hemorrhage of the adrenal glands typical in septic form of epidemic meningitis?
Is fibrinoid necrosis at the base of a chronic peptic ulcer typical for recovery phase?
Do we often see staphylococcal pneumonia in adults?
Can acute toxic necrosis of liver develop after poisoning with mushrooms?
Are there cortical abscesses in the kidney in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Can eclampsia develop without pregnancy?
Are there light microscopy changes in the glomeruli in minimal change kidney disease (lipoid nephrosis)
Epulis is a benign tumor
No, it is a tumor-like lesion
Is fibrinoid necrosis observed at the base of chronic ulver in the phase of remission?
Is it true that the pericardium may be affected in rheumatism ?
Is the symmetrical involvement of the kidneys in chronic pyelonephritis typical?
Are there abscesses in the kidneys in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Fibroadenoma of breast is a malignant tumor
Can a tubal pregnancy end with live birth?
The changes in the spleen in Hodgkin's lymphoma are called "sago" spleen ?
Can tuberculosis cause sepsis?
For the second phase of pneumonia crouposa is characteristic the existence of leukocytes and fibrin in alveolar spaces?
Arteriolo-necrotic nephrosclerosis is found in benign hypertension
Dystrophic calcification can be found in complicated atherosclerotic plaques:
Arteriolo-sclerotic nephrosclerosis is found in malignant hypertension
In recent myocardial infarction an acute aneurism can be formed as a complication
The cicatrix of the heart forms during the recent myocardial infarction
In anemic infarction of the brain, pericellular and perivascular oedema can be seen in adjacent brain tissue
Acute purulent bronchitis can lead to bronchopneumonia
Lung cancer can be a complication of chronic bronchitis
Fungal pneumonias are usually interstitial
In the stage of congestion of pneumonia crouposa there can be heard crepitation
In fungal pneumonia histologically we observe 'mycetomas'
Diabetes accelerates the process of atherosclerosis
How many histological stages do we observe in lobar penumonia
4
5
Is asbestosis a precancerous condition?
In glomerulonephritis the urine is sterile
Y
N
Minimal change disease of the kidneys is associated with nepritic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with nephrotic syndrome
In rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis the prognosis is excellent
Can giant fibroadenoma have a malignant type of behaviour ?
Thecoma of the ovary is a benign tumor
Cysadenocarcinoma of the ovary is an epithelial tumor
Endodermal yolk sac tumor of the ovary is an epithelial tumor
In leptomeningitis purulenta there is a thick yellowish-grey exudate covering the convex surface of the brain
Schwanomma is a benign tumor of the sheeth of the peripheral nerves
Meningioma is a malignant tumor of the meninges of the brains
Sepsis is poly-etological
Sepsis is contagious
Silicotic nodules are located close to
lymph vessels
bronchi
Apically located peripheral lung carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Pancoast-Tobias
Claude-Bernard-Horner
'Thyroidization' of the kidney can be seen in
chronic pyelonephritis
chronic glomerulonephritis
In which type of acute tubular necrosis is the basement membrane necrotic?
nephrotoxic
ischemic
In rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis, the usual clinical syndrome is that of
nephritic syndrome
nephrotic syndrome
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis is clinically associated with
Goodpasture syndrome affects mainly the kidneys and which other organ?
lungs
blood vessels of the lower limbs
Which type of glomerulonephritis can be observed in Goodpasture syndrome?
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
membranous glomerulonephritis
Which is the most common type of malignant tumor found in the urinary bladder?
papilalry transitional cell carcinoma
leiomyosarcoma
What metaphor do we use to describe the tumor glands in adenocarcinoma of the uterus?
front-to-back
back-to-back
Hyperthyroidism is
increased function of the thyroid gland
increased function of the pituitary gland
In leptomeningitis tuberculosa the exudate is found on the
convex surface of the brain
basal surface of the brain
One of the most common complications of tuberculous meningitis is
remaining flaccid paralysis
adhesions causing hydrocephalia
Which localization of the tumors of the CNS is most common in children ?
subtentorial
supratentorial
Which localization of the tumors of the CNS is most common in adults?
Metastatic abscesses can be seen in
septicemia
septicopyemia
A well circumscribed nodule attached to dura mater was resected, greyish-white in color, firm and measuring 4cm in diamter. The tumor is easily detached from the underlying dura and the underlying brain tissue shows a compression 'pit'. Name the changes in the brain.
focal atrophy
focal tumor infiltration
Where can we observe atherosclerotic changes?
in arterioles
in medizum size arteries
in the aorta
in the femoral vein
carotid arteries
renal arteries
descending branch of left coronary artery
all of the above
What type of process do we notice in calcified ahterosclerotic plaque?
metastatic calcification
hyaline accumulation
dystrophic calcification
fibrinoid necrosis
Arteriosclerosis can be seen in
malignant hypertension
benign hypertension
both kidneys
arteria renalis
Which changes can be observed in the kidneys of a patient with hypertension and diabetes?
Kimelstil-Wilson lesions (nodular glomerulosclerosis)
arteriolohyalinosis
atherosclerosis
mesangial hyperplasia
Which changes are usual findings in atherosclerosis of the aorta?
smooth, even endothelial surface
firm, yellow-white plaques
narrowed opening at the places of branching of smaller arteries
aneurism
Which statements are true for aneurisms of the aorta
they are pulsating with the rate of the pulse
can be the source of thromboembolism to other organ
they can cause wet gangrene of the foot
none of the above
Leriche syndrome includes the following
it is a peripheral artery disease caused by occlusion of the abdominal aorta at its transition into the common iliac arteries
it is a peripheral artery disease involving blockage of both internal iliac veins
it causes impotence
no femoral pulse can be felt
Which syndrome can cause impotence and claudication?
Kimelstil-Wilson syndrome
Leriche syndrome
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
Pancoast-Tobias tumor
Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis can be
brain hemorrhage
MI
claudicatio intermittens
Which of the following can complicate an atherosclerotic plaque?
formation of an aneurism
lipid degeneration of the liver
thrombosis
Which of the following is true about arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis?
occurs in malignant hypertension
affects both kidneys symmetrically
pin-sized hemorrhages can be seen on the surface of the kidneys
both kidneys are smaller with finely granular surface
Which of the following can cause hypertrophy of the heart?
systemic benign hypertension
pulmonary hypertension
hemodynamically insignificant interatrial defect
chronic pulmonary thromboembolism
Which metaphor do we use to call a heart with hypertrophic left and right ventricle
cor hypertonicum
cor bovinum
tiger heart
armored heart
When can we call the heart armored?
in chronic myocardial aneurism
in acute myocardial infarction
in acute hemorrhagic pericarditis
in chronic constrictive pericarditis
Which conditions can lead to hypertensive heart?
foot gangrene
granulation tissue after acute myocardial infarction
benign systemic hypertension
What is scarring in heart?
occurs when an acute myocardial aneurism ruptures
occurs after myocardial infarction
forms after maturation of granulation tissue in the myocardium
can lead to the formation of chronic myocardial aneurism
Which of the following can be used to prove the presence of a myocardial cicatrix?
Congo red
Feulgen staining
Van Gieson staining
immunohistochemistry
In mitral stenosis we observe
LV hypertrophy
LV atrophy
LA hypertrophy and dilation
detached thrombus in the left atrium
In aortic stensosi we observe
Which of the following are synonyms of polyarteriitis nodosa?
periarteriitis nodosa
panarteriitis nodosa
Wegener's granulomatosis
Kussmaul-Maier disease
What can we observe in fibrous endocarditis?
chronic valvular changes
thickening of valve
fibrinous deposits
mature connective tissue
Which metaphor do we use for fibrinous pericartitis?
cor villosum
What types of acute bronchitis can be observed?
hemorrhagic
granulomatous
fibrinous
purulent
In acute bronchitis we find the following:
mucosal oedema
mucosal hyperemia
hyperplasia of peribronchial mucinous glands
neutrophils
In acute bronchitis we see
purulent exudate in the lumen
hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi
hypersecretion from the goblet cells
In acute bronchitis we can observe
cor pulmonale
squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
Chronic bronchitis can be characterized by the following
can cause cor pulmonale chronicum
Which type of emphysema most frequently causes pneumothorax?
paraseptal
senile
bullous
centrolobular
In diffuse pulmonary emphysema we can notice the following changes:
the lungs are with increased density
the lungs are enlarged
we observe atrophy of the interalveolar septi
there is hypertrophy of the interalveolar septi
What is the order in which we observe the different histological stages in pneumonia crouposa?
congestion, grey hepatisation, red hepatisation, resolution
grey hepatisation, congestion, red hepatisation, resolution
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, resolution
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, lung abscess
Which complications can we observe in lobar pneumonia ?
carnification
fibrinous pleuritis
lung abscess
In which stage of pneumonia crouposa can we hear crepitations?
grey hepatisation
congestion
resolution
red hepatisation
Pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa can be detected in
the stage of congestion
the stage of grey hepatisation
there is no pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa
all stages
Characteristic features of hypostatic pneumonia
it is observed in the apical lobes of the lungs
it is unilateral
it is observed in the lower posterior segments of both lungs
there is impaired ventilation in the segments where it occurs
In hypostatic pneumonia
there is activation of saprophytic flora
it is caused by pneumococci
it is caused by pneumocystis carini
there is hypoventilation in the lower posterior segments
In bronchopneumonia we can observe
scattered grey-yellow foci in the lung parenchyma
confluent grey-yellow foci
central collection of pus in these foci
rusty sputum
Bronchopneumonia is characterized by:
high fever, weakness, cough
can be complicated by septicopyemia
can be descending from purulent bronchitis
mycetoma
Fungal pneumonia can be caused by
old age
long-term antibiotic treatment
in autoimmune diseases, where patients are treated with corticosteroids
immune deficit
In fungal pneumonia we can observe:
fungal colonies
uncharacteristic clinical signs
interstitial pneumonia
Van Gieson positive fungi
In interstitial pneumonia
there is involvement of only one lobe
the inflammatory infiltrate is rich in lymphocytes
plasma cells are seen in the inflammatory infiltrate
the interalveolar septi are thickened
In pneumonia crouposa we can observe the following histological changes:
focal purulent inflammation
fibrino-purulent exudate in the alveoli
artifical detachment of the fibrin from the alveolar walls
spared alveoli filled with air
What are the characteristic microscopic features of chronic pyelonephritis?
pericapsular glomerulosclerosis
lymphoid infiltrates in the interstitium
"thyroidization" of the tubules
What is the most common outcome of tubal pregnancy?
rupture of the fallopian tube
econdary peritoneal pregnancy
pregnancy with normal birth
fetal transition into lithopedion
Which of the following diseases affect the white substance of the brain ?
post-vaccination encephalitis
polioencephalitis
multiple sclerosis
lethargic encephalitis
Where are the first and major vascular changes in hypertension?
aorta
vessels of muscle type
arterioles
veins
Specify which stages are not found in lobar pneumonia
proliferative
grey hepatization
red hepatization
The most common causes of acute post hemorrhagic anemia are:
acute hemolysis
traumatic
intoxication
all three above
Which are tumor-like processes in the mouth
polyp
fibroma
hemangioma
epulis
In myeloma often develops:
hyper-para-proteinemia
amyloidosis
renal failure
In periarteritis nodosa occur:
calcium deposits in the vessel wall
endarteriitic changes
fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel wall
Tubulorexis is seen in
acute pyelonephritis
ischemic tubular necrosis
toxic tubular necrosis
urinary acid attack
Which of the above pathological processes, refers to the proliferative state of rheumatism?
mucoid edema
fibrinoid deposition
growth of connective tissue
formation of granulomas
Basal leptomeningitis is found in:
sepsis
tuberculosis
influenza
neurosyphilis
What diseases comrpise COPD?
chronic bronchitis
primary pulmonary hypertension
lung carnification
pulmonary emphysema
Which of the ovarian tumors is related to transitional epithelium?
Brenner tumor
adrenoblastoma
mucinous cystadenoma
serous cystadenoma
Typical changes in the heart in hypertension are
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
hypertrophy of the right ventricle
mitral stenosis
brown atrophy of the liver
In classical nephritic syndrome is found
heavy proteinuria over 3,5g/24h
erythroccytes in the urine
hypertension
azotemia
Which are the morpholigcal subtypes of ameloblastoma?
cystic
laminar
soft
solid
What complications can occur at the site of chronic heart aneurysm?
myocardial rupture
mural thrombosis
regeneration of the muscle layer
adhesive pericarditis
Indicate where the virsuses of hepatitis A & B replicate after enteral or parenteral penetration
intestines
in mesenteric lymph nodes
in other lymphoid organs
in liver
Serous meningitis can be caused by
herpes simplex infections
a streptococcal infection
influenza infection
mumps
"Big white kidneys" are seen in :
renal amyloidosis
diabetic nephropathy
Lobar pneumonia is:
lobular
catarrhal
pleuropneumonia
What are the complications of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery?
thrombophlebitis
atrophy of the limb
gangrene
The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is due to:
the increased volume of CSF
sweeling of the brain
imalance between absorption and spinal fluid production
ischemia
Indicate which diseases are intraepithelial neoplasms
pre-cancers
tumor-like processes
invasive tumors
inflammatory diseases
When is mostly seen the acute aneurysm of the heart?
in the acute phase of myocardial infarction
in diphtheria myocarditis
rheumatic myocarditis
at aortic stensosi
Early carcinoma of the stomach means
carcinoma infiltrating submucosa
carcinoma in situ
carcinoma infiltrating muscular layer
carcinoma infiltrating the serosa
What is abortion?
an inflammatory condition
a spontaneous abortion
artificial interruption of pregnancy
tumor
Which of the following morphologic methods are used for classifying the lymphomas?
staining with van Gieson
PAS reaction
staining with von Kossa
Which of these tumors frquently metastasize to bone ?
liposarcoma
osteosarcoma
prostate cancer
breast cancer
Which of the following thyroid cancer is associated with amyloidosis
follicular carcinoma
medullary carcinoma
Which type of lung carcinoma has the worst prognosis
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
Which of the following is true for medullary carcinoma of the breast
worse prognosis
prominent lymphoid infiltrate
Which of the following type of lipids has the highest association with atherosclerosis
triglycerides
low-density lipoproteins
Calcifying sclerosis of aorta and big arteries is type of
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
minimal change disease
acute glomerulonephritis
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in
Acromegaly
Gigantism
The role of external radiation in the tiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in
papillary carcinoma
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterized by 'indian file' pattern of tumor cells
infiltration ductal carcinoma
invasive lobular carcinoma
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
peripheral prostate
periurethral prostate
Which criteria refer to pernicious anemia
low serum B12
megaloblastic anemia
antibody against internal factor of castle
gastric parietal cell antibody
Which of the following tumors have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis
silicosis
malignant mesothelioma
laryngeal carcinoma
Which of the following features characterize ulcerative colitis, except
formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
superficial mucosal ulceration
depletion of goblet cells and mucus
stricture formation in chronic cases
Philadelphia chromosome is characterized by
translocation (8;14)
t (9;22)
t (22;9)
t (14;8)
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin's disease
histiocytic fibrosis
lymphocytic depletion
mixed cellularity
nodular sclerosis
Pulseless disease is
temporal arteritis
kawasakis disease
takayasu arteritis
buergers disease
Crohns disease is characterized by the following histopathologic features
non-caseating sarcoid like granulomas
deep transmural ulceration
multiple abscesses
pseudopolyps
the morphologic variants of diagnostic cells in Hosgkins disease are
cells with bilobed nucleus appearing as mirror image
megaloblastic cells
lacunar type cell
large cleaved cells
according to monoclonal atherosclerotic hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
monoclonal proliferation of foam cells
barretts oesophagus is
congenital anomaly
inflammatory disease
metaplastic process
neoplastic lesion
the most common site of involvement of atherosclerotic aneurysm is
arch of aorta
thoracic aorta
suprarenal part of abdominal aorta
infrarenal part of abdominal aorta
the following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
large cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
the most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction is
calcification
coronary artery thrombosis
aneurysm
ulceration
in hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
duration of hypertension
severity of hypertension
cause of hypertension
severity of coronary atherosclerosis
The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is
staphylococci
streptococci
pneumococci
haemophilus
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
penetration
pneumonia
hemorrhage
perforation
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis
type A
type B
type C
all three answers are correct
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
diabetes mellitus
pulmonary thromboembolism
nephrotic syndrome develops in
urine retention
acute renal failure
glomerulonephritis
the infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
hematogenous dissemination
ascending dissemination
immune conflict
as a complication of glomerulonephritis
Which of the following diseases does not lead to neohrsclerosis
DM
DI
gout
squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumor in the
uterine body
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterine cervix
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas
van gieson staining
PAS
von kossa staining
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma
mantle pneumonia
brown induration of lungs
empyema
massive hemorrhage
Determine the pathologicalprocess in the lung parenchyma, having in mind the microscopic appearance- a focus of necrosis, detritus, leucocytes and macrophages
acute pulmonary abscess
chronic pulmonary abscess
bronchiectasis
lung cancer in decay
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
lungs with increased volume
thick consistency of the lungs
reduced elasticity and soft consistency
What disease is endometriosis?
inflammation of the uterine mucosa
inflammation of the uterine cervix
dishormonal disease
Gynecomastia is a disease of
tetes
breast in women
male breast
what is typical for the first stage of syphilis
siphilides
ulcus durum
gumma
generalized lymphadenitis
for tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
purulent infiltration in the meninges
endarteriitis obliterans
granulomatous inflamamtion
caseous necrosis
why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
disease of the lungs associated with mineral dust inhalation
infection of the bronchial wall and lung parenchyma
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
smoking
influenca
work/environmental factors
what is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
serous
what forms of silicosis do u know?
nodular
diffuse-sclerotic
combination of a) & b)
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the ponym
claude-bernard horner syndrome
pancoast tobias
ptosis and miosis
enophthalmus
Which diseases complicate silicosis?
cor pulmonale chronicum
pneumofibrosis
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following:
ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
ptosis, miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
anhydrosis
What possible gross changes we see in lung carcinoma?
pneumonia-like form
ill-defined central node connected to a bronchus
linitis plastic
peripheral ill-defined node
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
phases of purulent inflammation
productive cough for at least 2 months/year for consecutive years
productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
in the middle lobe of the left lung
after quamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
as an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
forming nests of tumor cells producing keratin
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
numerous tumor cells with scant stroma
the tumor cells resemble oat-grains
it grows in a pneumonia-like fasion
the tumor cells have very high proliferative rate
Bronchiolo-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by
forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
it is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
the cells produce keratin
it is a form of adenocarcinoma
Hodgkin lymphoma has
five histological variants
hodgkin cells
reed-sternberg cells
polyclonal inflammatory background
in hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
effaced lymph node structure
nodular sclerosis histological form
mixed cellularity histological form
chronic myeloleukemia
Non-hodgkin lymphomas can be
nodal
b-cell and t-cell types
extranodal