Which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: The cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema)swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in the periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). The valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularization)

Which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atrophic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization

The following microscopic description is indicative for: H-E staining: Alveolar spaces are filled with precipitaded homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi

“After Y-shaped opening of the pericardium, the pulmonary artery is cut on 2cm after its beginning. Tweezers are inserted in the vessel and its content is taken out, which looks dry and crumble”.

Indicate the cause of death according to the described test:
“After Y-shaped opeing, the pericardial sac is filled with water. After puncture of the right heart ventricle with a sharp knife are seen air bubbles”.

The following microscopic description of the kidney is indicative for: H-E staining: On low magnification is seen pinkish area with no nuclei or picnotic nuclei and the cytoplasms of the necrotic cells is granular and eosinophillic. Kidney structures look like shadows. This pinkish area is surrounded by blue rim, of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and leucocyts) and thin band of erythrocytes (the so called hyperemic-hemorrhagic area).

The following microscopic description of the lung indicates for: On H-E staining: Necropsy material taken 24 hours after death. The alveoli are filled with agglutinated and hemolized erythrocytes, the alveolar walls are necrotic. The preserved alveoli are filled with edematous fluid and hemosiderophages. The latest changes are a sign for chronic venous congestion.

What is the organ diagnosis if during autopsy are seen the following changes: Complicated atherosclerotic plaques of the aorta and renal arteries with ulceration and thrombosis, small in size right kidney showing depressed area in its middle part, which is 3x4cm in size, with pale color, firm texture and triangular shape.

The following microscopic description of the heart is indicative for: H-E staining: Among the myocardium are found cavities filled with purulent exudate. In the centre of some of them are seen groups of microorganisms, stained in dark blue. The adjacent cardiomyocytes are with dystrophic changes, multitude neutrophiles are seen in the interstitium

What is the described disease in the liver? H-E staining “Description of the wall of a cyst. Pink slender membrane is pathognomonic for the disease. It represents tick, multilayered acellular band which looks like “cigarette smoke”. There is a fibrous capsule between the membrane and the normal liver tissue, compoused of collagen connective tissue. Single bile ducts and chronic inflammatory cells are included among the collagen fibres."

Indicate the correct answer for the following description: “Tumor-like process located on the gingiva. Histologically, under the stratified squamous gingival epithelium are found fibroblast-like cells and giant cells looking like osteoclasts, located in optically empty spaces. Light stripe of connective tissue separates the epithelium and the tumor-like process.

Indicate the diagnosis according to the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The thyroid gland is lavishly infiltrated by the lymphocytes and plasma cells. Plenty of lymph follicles are also formed, they are with the wide light centres. The lymphoid infiltration disrupts the lymph follicles; in the preserved ones the colloid is scanty or missing. High cubic eosinophilic cells of Hurtle type can be seen.

Suggest the correct answer according to the following microscopic description. H-E staining:
The tumor is composed of branches and nests of basal type cells - spindle, with scantycytoplasm and moderate atypia of nuclei. Mitoses are rarely seen. In the solid nests tumor cells have palisade peripheral arrangement The stromal reaction is presented by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tumor nests infiltrate the deep dermal layers.

Suggest the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description. H-E staining:
Unencapsulated intradermal tumor which is poorly distinguished from the adjacent tissue and covered by the atrophic epidermis. The tumor is composed of the capillary vessels with erythrocytes in their lumena.

Suggest the diagnosis according to the following microscopic description: H-E staining:
Unencapsulated uterine tumor which Is composed of the spindle cells arranged in bundles. These bundles cross in different directions. Slight tissue atypia is seen, presented by chaotic bundles of spindle cells

Suggest the diagnosis according to the microscopic description. H-E staining: The tumor is composed of highly differentiated tissue elements from the three germinal cell layers mesodermal layer (connective tissue, collagen fibres, fatty tissue, cartilage and others), endodermal layer (glands) and ectodermal layer (skin, columnar epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, brain substance). They create a variety of the morphological picture. There isn’t any sign of cell atypia. Cystic changes are often seen.

A resident in surgery is looking for a consultation with regard to a breast nodule in a young woman: can a morphological examination be done prior to surgery? How the specimen should be taken and in what fixative? Which are the other options for a routine examination? What addition morphological methods can be involved?

52-year old woman with medical history of tonsillitis, developed heart valve defect. She complained of cough, sometimes with rusty expectoration and difficulties in breathing when she is lying in bed. Auscultation revealed small moist noises in both lung bases. What is the cause for all these complains and clinical findings?

Body of a man with total cachexia is sent for an autopsy. The skin is dark-bronze. The two suprarenal glands are entirely ruined by tuberculosis. Which is the disease?

Nodule measuring 2 cm from the parotid gland of a 32 year old male patient was sent are histological examination. Histological result showed jelly-like and at some areas chondroid substance which surrounds glandular structures and strands of flat cylindrical and spindle cells.
Suggest the diagnosis.

A tumor from the left forearm in a 39-year old woman was resected. Grossly it is well circumscribed, with a diameter of 3 cm. On histology: tumor cells are spindle-shaped, grouped in bundles, nuclei form palisade structures.
Set the diagnosis

An autopsy of a 60-years all man revealed a thickened and soft wall of the stomach with indistinct layers. Cut surface showed presence of the dirty grayish -green pus-like material. What disease is this:

At an autopsy in the temporal lobe of the brain a cyst with a diameter of 2 cm, with smooth walls and clear pale yellow liquid was found.
What can it be:

A man of 68 years is complaining of severe pain in the muscles of the legs occurring when walking fast, which disappears after a short rest. Indicate the correct diagnosis

The left hemisphere of brain demonstrates a well circumscribed tumor with a diameter of 3cm, greyish- brown color and a thick consistency, attached to the dura mater. The underlying brain tissue shows a compression pit. Point the most likely macroscopic diagnosis

On the plantar surface of a 35 year old woman there is a bluish-black tumor with lobulated uneven surface covered with bloody crusts. Histology shows epithelioid cells with different shapes and sizes with pigment granules in the cytoplasm. Infiltrative growth in respect to dermis and epidermis is present. Give a diagnosis:

At an autopsy in the upper area of the right lung are detected changes including two foci with stone-hard density. The cut-surface is whitish and is grinding like sand. How to explain the presence of these calcium salts?

68 year-old man complains of a face ulcer with thick edges and black base covered with brownish crusts. Histologically nests of round cells that form peripheral palisade structures are seen. Which is the correct diagnosis?

A man of 62, smoker with obesity, treated in a dermatological clinic due to skin problems, dies suddenly after a severe chest pain. Clinicians set as the final diagnosis the skin disease for which he has been admitted to the hospital. At the autopsy a 3.5 cm clay-like area with irregular shape in the anterior wall of the left ventricle was seen. The descending left coronary artery was almost entirely occluded by atherosclerosis. What is the correct diagnosis?

The autopsy of a 43 years old man reveals brain meninges covered by the thick yellowish exudate. Meningeal vessels are hyperemic, brain tissue is edematous. What is your diagnosis?

A 35 year old man felt his right parotid gland enlarged, with a nodule 2 cm in diameter, well demarcated and dense. Histology shows jelly-like structures and immature cartilage them glandular structures and strands of cubic, cylindrical cells and ducts. Specify the diagnosis:

During the autopsy in the temporal lobe of the brain is found a cyst 2cm in diameter, with smooth walls filled with a clear pale yellow liquid. Indicate what it is:

At autopsy, in the abdominal cavity and on appendices epiploice, many “chalky” white spots are Clearly seen. The finding is the same in the pancreas. Point the diagnosis:

28 year old woman a year ago felt a ‘knot’ in the breast 2 centimeters in diameter, well demarcated, painless, mobile, thick. Histology shows concentric connective tissue around the ducts of the breast without compressing and distortion of the ducts.
Specify the exact histologic diagnosis:

Bilateral on the skin of the eyelids are seen bulging above the level of the skin nodules yellow color with the size of rice grains. What is it?

The autopsy of a deceased patient shows swollen and very soft meninges of the temporal area with greyish-green color. Microscopic examination reveals that the meninges are rich of leukocytes. What illness is concerned

39 year old female underwent surgery to remove a tumor from her left forearm. The tumor is 3cm in diameter, well demarcated and dense. Histology shows fusiform (spindle) cells which are grouped in bundles, with nuclej arranged in palisades (‘fence wall’ pattern). Set the diagnosis

At autopsy in the frontal lobe of the brain is found well visible and demarcated area with 3 cm in diameter, with gray-green color, well circumscribed from the surrounding tissue, filled with decaying substance. What illness is described?

Autopsy of a patient suffering from elevation of blood pressure, episodic diarrhea with abdominal pain, flushing, cyanosis, pulmonary stenosis with insufficiency, shows a thickened nodal end of the appendix the size of 2 cm, dense, with a characteristic yellowish color in the submucosa. Histologically the tumor is composed of rounded to polygonal cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The granules do not reduce silver salts. Tumor stroma is hyalinized. Give the histological diagnosis of the tumor:

The autopsy of 65 - year-old woman shows absceding pneumonia, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. In the subarachnoid space, and on the surface of the brain is seen an exudate with dense yellowish color. Histology detects the presence of exudate rich in segmented leukocytes and fibrin. Diagnose the process!

34 year-old presents with enlarged cervical lymph nodes on the right side of the neck that do not seem to be affected after antibiotic treatment. The biopsy of the lymph nodes shows entirely depleted structure with numerous large mononuclear and binuclear cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, lymphocytes, epithelioid macrophages. Give diagnosis of the pathological process in the lymph nodes!

The upper outer quadrant of the breast shows dense node, well delimited and movable to the surrounding tissue and skin. Histological examination establishes proliferated and expanded ducts of the breast with a spherical shape and the surrounding connective tissue that does not deform them. Breast lobules are not seen. Give the diagnosis of the process!

Autopsy of a 67 year-old with cancer of the ascending colon. Skin, mucous membranes and internal organs are pale, the heart is a ‘tiger’ type, the bone marrow of flat bones is hyperplastic and in the long bones it is hyperplastic and ‘red’. Point out the correct diagnosis of the hematopoietic system!

At an autopsy, a large part of one of the lungs is soft, grey color with an unpleasant odor and the surrounding lung tissue is atelectatic. Histologically is seen necrosis with many microorganisms. No inflammatory reaction is seen. Give the correct diagnosis!

18-year old girl is with tumor formation in the abdomen. An operation is done and a cystic tumor of the left ovary with the size of 10 cm is removed. Cutting of the tumor shows little protrusion at one pole of the cyst and the contents are fat and hair. Histologically are observed improperly mixed tissues from all three germ layers - ecto - , meso- and endoderm. Determine the type of tumor

At necropsy the gastric mucosa is strongly hypertrophied. Gastric mucosal folds are large, curved , swollen resembling brain gyri. Which of the following is correct?

Autopsy of 27 - year-old woman finds in the lungs numerous gray-yellowish nodules with the size of millet grain and dense texture. In the subaruchnoid space of the basal surface of the brain, between cruris cerebri around the optic chiasma is seen abundant gelatinous, yellowish exudate and along the blood vessels - nodules with the same characteristic as in the lungs. What is the disease of the nervous system?

If thrombosis occurs a few days after surgery of popliteal vein and causes death due to massive pulmonary embolism, the main disease is

The autopsy of 27 years old woman revealed numerous grayish yellow nodules in the lungs with size of a grain and dense consistency. On the brain was found gelatinous yellowish exudate mainly on its base, around chiasm and Sylvian fissure. Around the vessels were visible single nodules with the same characteristics as in the lungs. What is the process in the lungs?

A 50 year old male presents with angina pectoris. Coronary angiography reveals a 75% narrowing of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following cells is least likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of his coronary artery lesion?

During third trimester of pregnancy, a 28 year old woman discovers a lump in her right breast. It is a circumscribed, 2-cm, freely movable mass beneath the nipple. After delivery of a term infant the mass appears to decrease slightly In size. This breast lesion is most likely to be a (an)