Linguistics WiSe 18/19

Linguistics

branches of Linguistics

Why do we need language?

types of communication

referential

phatic

connative

emotive

poetic

metalingual

types of signals

Properties of human language

displacement

reflexivitiy

productivity

cultural transmission

arbitrariness

duality

Morphology

morpheme

free morphemes

lexical morphemes

functional morphemes

bound morphemes

derivational morphemes

inflectional morphemes

important

allomorph

etymology

Word formation

coinage

eponyms

borrowing

loan-translation/ calque

compounding

phrasal compound

blending

clipping

hypocorism

backformation

conversion/ zero-derivation

acronyms

derivation

Syntax

surface strucure

deep structure

structual ambguity

recursion

phrase structure rules

lexical rules

label + bracket

Sentence

a noun phrase

Verb phrase

prescriptive approach

descriptive approach

structural analysis

constituent analysis

Semantics

conceptual meaning

associative meaning

Semantic feature analysis

Semantic roles

agent

theme

instrument

experiencer

locarion

source

goal

lexical relations

Antonomy

Hyponomy

Homophony

Homography

Homonymy

Polysemy

metonomy

metaphor

collocation

Pragmatics

linguistic context/ co -text

physical context

deixis

proximal terms

distal terms

reference

inference

anaphora

antecedent

presuppostion

direct speech act

indirect speech act

declaritive

interrogative

imperative

performative verbs

politeness

face

positive face

negative face

face-saving act

face-threatening act