Between months 3-7 of pregnancy, the foetus uses which organ to conduct haematopoiesis? The
A Multipotent Haematopoietic Stem Cell (Hemocystblast) can differentiate to form two types of common progenitor stem cells: The Common Progenitor, which goes on to form such cells as neutrophils, basophils and erythrocytes. The Common Progenitor, which goes on to form such cells as natural killer cells, B cells and T cells.
An erythrocyte is another term for a . Erythrocytes arise from Common Progenitor Cells
During erythropoiesis, the late normoblast matures by losing which of its internal structures? Its
Immature, non-nucleated red blood cells are called
A is a large bone marrow cell with a lobulated nucleus which is responsible for the production of platelets
Megakaryocytes (and thus platelets) arise from common progenitor cells.
Name the three types of granulocytes in alphabetical order
Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils( Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils ) - Granulocytes with polymorphic (multiple) nuclei Eosinophils Neutrophils Basophils( Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Basophils ) - Granulocytes with bi-lobed nucleus Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils( Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils ) - Granulocytes with large deep purple granules obscuring the nucleus
Name the granulocytes.
What is this cell type? Hint: Note the vacuoles.
Monocytes circulate in the blood for around a week before entering tissues to become
Which bony aspect of the hip is the most common site for bone marrow aspiration? The
Which aspect of the iliac crests, anterior or posterior, is the most common site for bone marrow aspiration? The Iliac Crests
A bone marrow biopsy is also commonly called a biopsy due to the surgical instrument used to conduct the procedure, which has a cylindrical saw used for removing a disk of bone.
Red blood cells have large, single nuclei.
Adult Haemoglobin consists of two alpha delta( alpha, delta ) chains and two beta gamma( beta, gamma ) chains
Foetal Haemoglobin consists of two alpha delta( alpha, delta ) chains and two gamma beta( gamma, beta ) chains
Gamma Alpha Beta Delta( Gamma, Alpha, Beta, Delta ) chains allow a higher affinity for oxygen as they do not interact as well with 2,3-DPG
Fe3+ Fe2+( Fe3+, Fe2+ ) = Oxidised form of iron Fe2+ Fe3+( Fe2+, Fe3+ ) = Reduced (non-oxidised) form of Iron
The form of iron that exists in the Heme group is the non-oxidised oxidised( non-oxidised, oxidised ) Fe2+ Fe3+( Fe2+, Fe3+ ) form
Red Blood Cell destruction occurs in which organ? The
The heme group of the red blood cell is broken down by the spleen into Iron and
Which organ conjugates bilirubin? The
Bilirubin is excreted within which substance, which gives colour to both urine and faeces? The
Heme breakdown pathway: Heme --> ❌ --> ❌ --> ❌
Which hormone regulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow to mature red blood cells?
Erythropoietin is produced mainly in the
Methemoglobin is the non-oxygen carrying type of haemoglobin in which the heme groups contains the oxidised non-oxidised( oxidised, non-oxidised ) Fe3+ Fe2+( Fe3+, Fe2+ )
Superoxide to Hydrogen Peroxide is regulated by which enzyme?
Which antioxidant reacts with Hydrogen Peroxide to form water, in order to protect us against the free radical?
CO2 Transport: 10% ❌ 30% ❌ 60% ❌
Myoglobin Haemoglobin( Myoglobin, Haemoglobin ) follows Michaelis-Menten Kinetics Haemoglobin Myoglobin( Haemoglobin, Myoglobin ) DOES NOT follow Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
The product of the Rapapoport-Lubering Shunt is ...
2,3-DPG
Glutathione
Pentose Phosphate
Hexose Monophosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
As 2,3-DPG concentration increases, the rate of oxygen dissociation increases decreases( increases, decreases ) as the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen decreases increases( decreases, increases ).
The causes of a right shift to the Oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve: Increase Decrease( Increase, Decrease ) in CO2 concentration Decrease Increase( Decrease, Increase ) in pH Increase Decrease( Increase, Decrease ) in 2,3-DPG concentration Increase Decrease( Increase, Decrease ) in Exercise Increase Decrease( Increase, Decrease ) in Temperature
Glutathione is replenished by which chemical? Hint: It is a normal part of glycolysis
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