What kind of rhythm or conduction disturbances would not be caused with glucosides (digoxin)?
bundle branch blocks
parasystole
ventricular premature beats
Which glucoside is preferred in renal failure?
Beta-methyldigoxin
Digoxin
Digitoxin (digitalin)
Which glucoside is preferred in heart failure and bradycardia
Strophanthin
According to its mechanism of origin and its course, heart failure is Depending on which side of the heart is affected vs
Hemodynamics and clinical presentation vs
According to the main pathophysiological mechanism vs
The most common reasons for left-sided heart failure are
arterial hypertension
ischemic heart disease
rheumatic valve diseases
myocarditis, cardiomyopathies
AT-3 gallop is due to
a sudden stop of the stretching of the left ventricle at the end of the rapid ventricular filling
accelerated filling of the left ventricle during the atrial contraction
decreased velocity of the increment of the left ventricular pressure during the isovolumic phase of the contraction
An X-ray showing “deer antlers” in the upper lobes of the lungs is indicative of
interstitial pulmonary edema
alveolar pulmonary edema
venous pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary hemosiderosis
If the veins of the neck are visibly filled up to the point of the angle of the mandible the central venous pressure
12mmHg
12-25 mmHg
25mm H2O
The hepatojugular reflex is
pulsations in the jugular region synchronous to the heart beats
bulging of the veins when pressure is applied to the liver region
bulging of the neck veins in Valsalva’s maneuver
Digoxin is characterized by
fast onset, poor cumulative and weak bradycardic effect
fast onset, strong cumulative and strong bradycardic effect
fast Onset, medium cumulative and significant bradycardic effect
What kind of left ventricle dysfunction can be present in heart failure?
systolic
diastolic
systolic and diastolic
all of the above
What are the X-ray findings in interstitial pulmonary congestion?
Deer antlers
Kerley's lines
Consolidating small spot-like shades in the hilum
Cyanosis in left-sided heart failure is
peripheral
central
both
Positive hepatojugular reflex signifies
right sided heart failure
a problem of the liver
respiratory failure
The most common reason for acute right-sided heart failure is
pulmonary thombembolism
bronchial asthma
myocardial infarction of the right ventricle
What other diuretics can Furanthril be combined with?
Spironolactone
Triampur (a combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide)
Dehydratin-Neo (hydrochlorothiazide)
All of the above
What is the effect of dopamine dosed at 5mcg/kg/min?
Inotropic
Diuretic
Peripheral vasospasm
Which of the following are not side effects of ACE-I?
hyperkalemia
hypotension
cough
increase of the creatinine level
accumulation in the retina
Echocardiography is a method for evaluation of: a. Fraction b. Heart c. Heart d. damage
Management of pulmonary oedema Stabilise patient- relieve stress Look for underlying cause Address haemodynamic stress and resp. issue Optimise and introduce long term therapy
Treat- diuretic Control of rhythm and bp
