Pat McMahon
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2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Quiz am Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), erstellt von Pat McMahon am 19/03/2019.

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Pat McMahon
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Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)

Frage 1 von 46

1

The EBM triad consists of which of the below?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Latest External Evidence

  • Individual Clinical Expertise

  • Family Values & Expectations

  • Patient Values & Expectations

  • Best External Evidence

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Level 1

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 3

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 46

1

In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 46

1

A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Level 3

  • Level 1

  • Level 2

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Frage 5 von 46

1

An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Level 1

  • Level 3

  • Level 4

  • Level 2

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 46

1

A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Level 4

  • Level 3

  • Level 2

  • Level 1

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 46

1

Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Intervention

  • Comparator/Control

  • Patient and Clinical Problem

  • Outcome

  • Population and Clinical Problem

  • Complications

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 46

1

Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 9 von 46

1

What is Bioavailability?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 46

1

What is 1st Pass Metabolism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It is the fraction of dose which reaches the
    systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in
    body at equilibrium.

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 46

1

What is Volume of Distribution?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation

  • It is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)

  • Refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

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Frage 12 von 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 46

1

Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 46

1

In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.

  • Once all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.

  • Only once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 46

1

What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Metabolism

  • Hydration

  • Renal Excretion

  • Body mass

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 46

1

What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Age

  • Liver Function

  • Body Mass

  • Alternative drug which competes for transporters

  • Another drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 46

1

To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 46

1

What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phamacokinetics

  • Pharmacodynamics

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 46

1

The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pharmacodynamics

  • Pharmacokinetics

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Frage 20 von 46

1

What is meant by 'Affinity'?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • It is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 46

1

What is meant by 'Efficacy'?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors

  • Indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 46

1

A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increased Response

  • Decreased Response

  • No response

  • Normal Response

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 46

1

A non-selective drug is an example of?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Older Drugs, which typically effect more broadly

  • Designed drugs, which effect less and more specific sites

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 46

1

What is meant by EC50?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect

  • The concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increase risk of side effects

  • This is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 46

1

What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Reduced effectiveness of the drug

  • Increased risk of side effects

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 46

1

Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • EC50 = 2

  • EC50 = 50

  • EC50 = 6

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 46

1

Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • An increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug

  • A decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine

  • An increase in plasma protein binding

  • A large Volume of Distribution (Vd)

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 46

1

The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Elimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug

  • Minimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma

  • Concentration of the drug at the receptor site

  • Onset time of the drug after oral administration

  • Minimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 46

1

The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Stomach emptying time

  • Rate of blood flow to the tissue

  • Plasma protein binding of the drug

  • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

  • Affinity of the drug for the tissue

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - There is no change in the dosage amount

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 46

1

The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease.

Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Increase

  • Decrease

  • Same - No change in the dose

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 46

1

Clearance determines

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 46

1

Volume of distribution determines

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration

  • The dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 46

1

Half-Life determines

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The time to reach steady state

  • The loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • The maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration

  • the dosage interval

  • BOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 46

1

Clearance is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 46

1

The volume of distribution is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Dependant on the value of the clearance

  • Dependant on the value of half-life

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 46

1

The half-life is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • dependant on the value of volume of distribution

  • dependant on the value of clearance

  • a function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug

  • a function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues

  • BOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 46

1

Pharmacokinetic models are useful to

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • describe concentration-time data sets

  • predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

  • calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)

  • BOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 46

1

Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Weight

  • other concurrent disease states and drug therapies

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 46

1

The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Blood Volume

  • Extracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

  • The drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration

  • The amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume

  • Total body volume minus the volume of bone

  • Total body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 46

1

A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Absorbtion

  • Bioavailability

  • First-Pass metabolism

  • Steady-state plasma concentration

  • Volume of Distribution

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 46

1

Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Efficacy of the drug

  • Receptor affinity for the drug

  • Therapeutic index of the drug

  • Half-Life of the drug

  • Rate of renal secretion

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 46

1

Which of the following best describes an antagonist?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Binds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades

  • Binds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters

  • Binds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades

  • Binds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist

  • Binds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 46

1

Which statement best describes a partial agonist?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors

  • The effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration

  • A partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor

  • A partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist

  • A partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 46

1

Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B.

Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.

  • Under no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A

  • Under no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B

  • The equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B

  • Drug B is more potent than Drug A

Erklärung

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