What is an example of a poor conformation disorder in the musculoskeletal system?
Osteochondritis
Ligament rupture
Luxating patella
Myositis
What is an example of a degenerative disease in the musculoskeletal system?
What is an example of an inflammation process disease within the musculoskeletal system?
Degenerative joint disease
Pan osteitis
What is an example of a trauma related issue within the musculoskeletal system?
Non-united anconeal process
myositis
What is another name for spongy bone within the body?
Compact bone
Voided bone
Cancellous bone
Ossification bone
What is not a type of common fracture in veterinary medicine?
Circumvented
Fissured
Transverse
Greenstick
How many views of radiographs are needed to diagnose and characterize a fracture?
1 view
2 views
3 views
None are needed if the fracture is open or can be palpated
Casts and splints do all of the following stabilizing actions EXCEPT:
Holding fracture in place while healing occurs
Provide pain relief to patient
Prevents rotation or overriding of fracture
Limit activity to joint above and below the fracture
How long are bone plates kept in or on the fractured limb after being placed on adult dogs?
3-5 weeks
2-4 months
5-12 months
They are usually not removed after placement
Extramedullary pins can promote healing in adult dogs within a _____________ time frame.
7-12 week
2-3 week
10-15 day
None of the above
How long is restricted activity with leash walks and cage rest is recommended while a fracture is healing?
8-12 months
5-8 weeks
10-20 days
Dogs should be fine after pins or plates are placed
What would be a sign of problems with a splint placed for a fracture?
Licking at splint
Heat from affected limb
Foul odor
All of above
None of the above, thar are all part of the normal healing process
What ligament is most associated with degenerative joint disease of the stifle joint?
Cranial cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral cruciate ligament
Medial crucial ligament
Cruciate ligament injuries generally occur in all of the following predispositions of dogs after exercise EXCEPT:
Middle age
Young
Obese
Athletic
When the veterinarian preforms a test where the tibia abnormally slides forward with respect to the femoral condyles, they are said to demonstrate ______________.
Negative drawer movement
Positive drawer movement
Cranial luxation movement
Caudal luxation movement
What stabilization technique for ACL tear is said to be the most effective in dogs weighing less than 15kg?
Intraarticular
Extraarticular
Exoarticular
Extracurricular
What does TPLO stand for?
Tibial position lining osteotomy
Transfixed patellar luxation oliectomy
Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
How long after surgery from ACL can a dog resume normal activity?
8-12 weeks
4-8 weeks
1-2 weeks
Directly after surgery so the joint doesn't seize
What is a common occurrence that happens within 1 year of a ruptured ACL?
The surgery fails
The dog develops osteosarcoma
Rupture of the opposite cruciate ligament
Spontaneous healing of the ACL
Even with surgical stabilization of the joint, the patient may develop ___________ as it ages.
Osteosarcoma
Medial luxation of the patella can occur in toy, small and large breed dogs usually due to what issue?
Congenital defect
Trauma
Hip dysplasia
Soft tissue break down around the stiffle
Lateral luxation of the patella that is usually seen in toy and miniature breed dogs due to what issue?
Soft tissue break down around the stifle
Lateral luxation of the patella that is seen in large or giant breed dogs is usually due to what issue?
Poor diet
Hip dysplasia can have many factors contributing to its development. What is NOT a contributing factor?
Genetic predisposition
Environment and diet
Too much exercise through life
Muscle and skeleton ratio
What is NOT a clinical sign of hip dysplasia?
Waddling gait
Atrophy of hip muscles
Reluctance to move
Muscle hypertrophy around joints
What age can a dog with genetic hip dysplasia develop clinical signs?
1-2 months
3-5 years
5-8 months
Not seen until dog becomes older
What does FHO stand for?
Femoral head ostectomy
Femoral half orthectomy
Femoral hip osteotomy
Fixed head orthotomy
What type of hip dysplasia is more common?
Femoral hip dysplasia
Acetabular hip dysplasia
Luxating hip dysplasia
Progressive femoral necrosis
What is the BEST treatment for hip dysplasia?
Medical management
FHO
Total hip replacement
Patellar displacement
What age should a dog be radiographed for hip dysplasia before breeding?
Before 1 year of age
Between 1 and 2 years of age
Older than 2 years of age
Can be seen at any age
Legg-calve-perthes disease involves necrosis of _____________ and is also called ___________.
Femoral head/neck; avascular necrosis
Acetabular socket; septic necrosis
Distal femur/tibia; calve atrophy
Proximal fibia; atrophic arthritis
What breed is the most commonly affected with Legg-calve-perthes disease?
Giant breeds, great danes
Medium breeds, golden retrievers
Toy breeds, terriers
Affects all breeds the same
The most common treatment for Legg-calve-perthes disease is what?
ACL correction
Excision arthroplasty
Closed reduction of femeral head
The degeneration or aseptic necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by reossification refers to whtat?
Genetic hip dysplasia
Legg-calve-perthes disease
Osteochondrosis disease
Panosteitis
Radiographs will show __________ when diagnosing osteochondrosis dissecans.
Necrosis of femoral head
Cartilage flap
Deformed acetabula
Panosteitis is a common disease that affects ___________ with an average onset of ___________.
Toy breeds; 6-8 months
Medium/large breeds; 6-8 months
Toy breeds; 9+ years
Medium/large breeds; 9+ years
What breed is over-represented with regard to panosteitis?
German shephards
Boston terriers
Golden retrievers
Toy poodles
Panosteitis is a ____________ disease and usually affects the _____________ of the body.
Lifelong; short bones
Self-limiting; long bones
Lifelong; long bones
Self-limiting; short bone
What is the medical terminology for a dislocation of a joint?
Luxation
Joint dysplasia
Hyperflexion
Hypoflexion
What type of femoral head luxation is the most common?
Craniocaudal
Craniodorsal
Ventral
Lateral
What feline disease process of the musculoskeletal system is a result of hypokalemia?
Feline polymyositis
Feline bacterial myositis
Feline protozoal myositis
Feline polymyopathy
What is an immune mediated disease of the muscles that affects dogs and cats?
Polymyositis
Polymyopathy
hemolytic myositis
Saddle thrombis
What is the protozoal parasite that is most associated with myositis in felines?
Giardia
Ameboma
Babesia
Toxoplasma
What disease process affects the mastication muscles of dogs?
Masticatory muscle myositis
Atrophic myositis
Eosinophilic myositis
All of the above
What type of neoplasia is most associated with bone cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Melanoma
Osteoadenoma
All of the information about bone cancer in animals is true EXCEPT:
Even with treatment, 90% die
Treatment involves amputation of the affected limb
It is usually not metastatic
It is highly metastatic
