Which of the following is NOT an example of non-specific immunity?
Mechanical and chemical barriers
Inflammatory response
T-cell mediated immunity
Interferon and complement
Where do T-cells develop (go to college) before moving into circulation?
Adrenal gland
Thymus
Pituitary gland
Submandibular lymph node
What white blood cell is most associated with an inflammatory response in the body?
Basophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Specific immunity is also considered _______________.
The first line of defense
The second line of defense
The third line of defense
The forth line of defense
Interferon and complement are involved with which of the following actions?
Macrophages taking invaders to T-cells
Humoral immunity
Species resistance
Interference with virus reproduction within a cells
How long does it take for B-cells to produce antibodies?
1-3 days
30-50 days
7-10 days
24-48 hours
What cell interacts directly with a pathogen in specific immunity?
T-cell lymphocyte
B-cell lymphocyte
What cell is considered to be a "memory cell"?
Macrophage
Which of the following is NOT considered to be acquired immunity?
Genetic factors
Expose to pathogen
Being vaccinated
None of the above
What cell can take invading pathogens to T-cells in specific immunity?
Which of the following is the CORRECT order of the electrical conduction of the heart?
AV node- SA node- bundle of HIS- Purkinje fibers
SA node- AV node- bundle of HIS- Purkinje fibers
Bundle of HIS- SA node- AV node- Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers- bundle of HIS- SA node- AV node
What chamber of the heart does UN-OXYGENATED blood first enter?
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Arteries normally carry oxygenated blood through the body, what is an exception to the rule?
Vena cava
Portal vessel
Pulmonary vein
Which is NOT an example of myocardial dysfunction?
Cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Taurine deficiency
Anemia
Which of the following statements regarding dilated cardiomyopathy is FALSE?
Involves hypertrophy of cardiac muscle
Involves dilation of cardiac chambers
Results in impaired function of ventricles
May be a result of taurine deficiency in cats
Regarding dilated cardiomyopathy, which of the statements are TRUE?
Only the left side of the heart is usually affected
Happens in small breed dogs more often than large breed dogs
Happens in large breed dogs more often than small breed dogs
Cats tend to have DCM more than dogs
Regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Occurs more often in cats
Occurs more often in dogs
Affects right side of heart more often than left
Associated with taurine deficiency in cats
Regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which of the following is FALSE?
Cats may develop thromboembolism
Affects right ventricle more than the left ventricle
Affects left ventricle more than the right ventricle
Involves thickening of the cardiac muscle
Which of the following symptoms is NOT a sign of thromboembolism?
Cold distal rear limbs
Severe pain
Paresis
Ascites
What drug can be used in low doses as prophylaxis for thromboembolism in cats?
Asprin
Acetaminophen
Furosemide
Ibuprofen
What shape of the heart may be seen on radiograph in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Round silhouette
Valentine shape
Oval shape
Regarding heart failure, which is NOT a circulatory example?
Valve dysfunction
Hypovolemia
What is another name for the mitral valve?
Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Pulmonary
Aortic
Which of the following is NOT an example of congenital heart disease?
Septal defect
PDA
Stenotic valve
Persistent right aortic arch may result in which of the following clinical signs?
Prominent jugular pulse
Failure to grow
Sudden death
Regurgitation of food
Tetralogy of Fallot may result in which of the following clinical signs?
Daytime cough
Hyperactivity
All of the following information about chronic mitral valve disease is true EXCEPT;
Progresses with age
Usually happens in large breed dogs
Denal disease may worsen issue
Usually happens in small breed dogs
A deviation from normal heart rhythm is considered _______________.
Chronic heart failure
Congenital
Arrhythmia
What is the goal with chronic mitral valve insufficiency (MMVD)?
Correct it surgically
Control symptoms
Keep patient comfortable
Both to control symptoms and to keep patient comfortable
The average life span with dilated cardiomyopathy after diagnosis is;
2-3 months
1-3 years
6 months- 2 years
3-6 years
Unoxygenated blood flows from the right ventricle through the ___________ to the lungs, then oxygenated blood moves through the _____________ to the left atrium.
Pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein
Pulmonary vein; pulmonary artery
Aorta; vena cava
Vena cava; aorta
Large breed dogs tend to be associated with _____________ where as small breed dogs tend to be associated with ______________.
DCM; MMVD
HCM; MMVD
DCM; HCM
VSD; DCM
In chronic mitral valve disease _____________ is reduced in the diet to help with water retention.
Protein
Potassium
Sodium
Fat
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the ______________ is the most affected chamber of the heart.
Atrial septal defect is considered what kind of heart disease?
Circulatory
Congestive
Convoluted
Right sided heart failure is associated with ____________ where as left sided heart failure is associated with _____________.
Pulmonary edema; ascites
Ascites; pulmonary edema
Pleural effusion; pulmonary edema
Pleural effusion, ascites
Ventricular tachycardia can be associated with which of the following?
Cardiac disease
Electrolyte imbalances
Acid base disorders
All of these are correct
What drug can be used IV in emergency V-tach?
Pimobendane
Lidocaine
Enalapril
Furosemide is a ______________.
Diuretic
Ace inhibitor
Vasodilator
Antiarrhythmic
Sinus arrhythmia is associated with which of the following?
Congenital defects
Normal breathing
In feline heartworm disease the goal is to kill the parasite.
Ventricular fibrillation involves the lack of QRS complexes.
Blocked cats can get sinus tachycardia
Felines are more likely to get ventricular septal defects than canines
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a common occurrence in felines
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common occurrence in canines
Myocarditis is inflammation of the cardiac muscle
T-cell lymphocytes take a while to destroy a pathogen
Mechanical and chemical barriers are considered to be the first line of defense
Saddle thrombus is usually a curable issue in felines
