Danielle Easton
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PHIL 10101 Professor Lent @ Ohio University. Reviews exams 1 & 2

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Philosphy 1010 Final Review Part 1

Frage 1 von 96

1

According to rationalism, experience is required for knowledge.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 96

1

Heraclitus is a rationalist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 96

1

Empiricism is the view that God does not exist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 96

1

He is regarded as the first philosopher.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heraclitus

  • Pythagoras

  • Socrates

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 96

1

Which of the following philosophers are empiricists?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 96

1

He held that everything is being, that nothing changes.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pythagoras

  • Parmenides

  • Thales

  • Heraclitus

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 96

1

He held that all is water.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 96

1

He held that everything is fire.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Heraclitus

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 96

1

He held that everything is in a constant state of flux/change

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Thales

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 96

1

Who said you cannot step twice in the same river?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 96

1

Plato is a rationalist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 96

1

According to Plato, if you believe something is true and it is true, then you know that it's true.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 96

1

According to Plato, knowledge is true belief plus?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an account

  • the logos

  • the reason/rational explanation

  • All of the above

  • None of the above. Knowlege is nothing more than true belief.

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 96

1

Epistmology is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the view that all knowledge comes through reason

  • the view that all knowledge comes through experience

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 96

1

In the Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • see only the shadows of things, not the things themselves.

  • believe they know what reality is like.

  • don't know they are prisoners

  • are just like us.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 96

1

"Does God exist?" is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • an ethical question.

  • an epistemological question.

  • an ontological question.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 96

1

The inside of the cave represents

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the world of appearance.

  • the empirical world

  • a world in a constant state of flux.

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 96

1

On Plato's view,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • although the forms are not physical, they may be seen with physical eyes.

  • although the forms are not mental, they exist only in they mind.

  • forms are more real than physical objects.

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 96

1

Plato's view is a dualist view because

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • he had two personalities.

  • he famously beat Heraclitus in a duel.

  • he had only two beliefs: Socrates is a man and Socrates is mortal.

  • he believed in two kinds of things, material things and nonmaterial things

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 96

1

According to Plato,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The thing that is the most real is The Good.

  • There are two utlimate realities, The Good and The Bad.

  • There are three ultimate realities, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

  • Nothing is real. There's nothing to get hung about.

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 96

1

Why is Socrates on trial?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • For molesting young boys.

  • For plagiarizing Plato's ideas.

  • For corrupting the youth of Athens through philosophy.

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 96

1

Who tries to convince Socrates to escape from prison?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Plato

  • Plato's little sister Denise

  • Socrates' young friend Crito

  • Alexander the Great

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 96

1

Socrates rejects the reasons in favor of escaping.  Why does he reject the reasons given?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The reasons given concern the physical concequences of leaving.

  • According to Socrates, the reasons given don't have anything to do with whether it is right to leave.

  • According to Socrates, the physical consequences, those that are known empirically, are not relevent to what is right.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 96

1

Socrates believes that if he leaves, he will be breaking his just agreement with the state.  How does he know that breaking just agreements is wrong?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Whenever he has broken his just agreements in the past and when he has observed others breaking their just agreements, the consequences have always been bad.

  • He knows it empirically.

  • He knows it by reason alone.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 96

1

In the Symposium love is defined as the desire always to possess The Good.  What is The Good, according to the view that Socrates learned?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • It varies from person to person.

  • It varies from culture to culture

  • Anything a person cares for deeply.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 96

1

On Plato's view, beautiful objects in the physical world are only shadows of beauty itself.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 96

1

Beauty itself is not physical.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 96

1

Beauty itself, like justice itself, is a form, an immaterial object and therefore can be perceived only by reason, not by the senses.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 96

1

On Plato's view, true beauty is in the eye of the beholder so that what is truely beautiful is just a matter of opinion.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 96

1

Like Plato's Allegory of the Cave, which represents the process of enlightenment whereby one turns from the less real to the more real, Plato's ladder of love represents the pursuit of love to be an assent from what is less real to what is more real. 

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 96

1

 If an argument is valid, then
 

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • its conclusion must be true.

  • if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

  • its premises are all true

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 96

1

1. If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 96

1

1.  If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is an example of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Modus Ponens

  • Modus Tollens

  • Denying the antecedent

  • Affirming the consequent

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 96

1

Which of the following is true

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • If an argument is valid, all its premises are true
     

  • If an argument is sound, it is also valid

  • If an argument is valid, it is also sound

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  •  If an argument is an example of denying the antecedent, its conclusion is always false

  • If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true

  • If an argument is an example of Modus Ponens its conclusion is always true

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 96

1

Different cultures have different moral standards is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • descriptive

  • prescriptive

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 96

1

Ethical Relativism is descriptive

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 96

1

 If different cultures have different moral standards, then Ethical Relativism is true.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true,  when a culture changes its morals, the change is neither moral progress nor moral decline.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 96

1

 If something is the case, then it ought to be the case.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 96

1

If a statement is prescriptive,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  •  it is merely a matter of opinion

  • it is descriptive

  • it is normative

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 96

1

 If Ethical Relativism is true,  then one's culture is always by definition right

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true, a moral reformer who seeks to reform a culture's morals is always by definition wrong.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 96

1

The consensus among philosophers is that Ethical Relativism is

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 96

1

1. If candy is dandy, then liquor is quicker
Candy is dandy
Therefore liquor is quicker.

The above argument is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 96

1

There really is a difference between good reasoning and bad

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 96

1

Aristotle was Socrates' teacher.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 96

1

1. Plato and Aristotle disagreed over

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • how to divide Socrates' vast estate

  • whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah

  • the nature of forms

  • the nature of sexual desire

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 96

1

Aristotle believed that the forms are in material objects, not that material objects are mere shadows of immaterial forms.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 96

1

According to Epicurus, we should do what reason says, even if doing so makes everyone unhappy.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 96

1

Epicurus was a materialist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 96

1

The Stoics were like Plato in that they believed in the use of reason over emotion, but they were unlike Plato in that they were ontological materialists.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 96

1

Philo lived

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • at about the same time as Plato and Aristotle

  • at about the same time as Epicurus

  • at about the same time as Jesus and Paul

  • All of the above. Philo lived a very long life.

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 96

1

For Plato, The Good is a non-personal entity to be contemplated.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 96

1

For Justin Martyr, The Good is God, a person to be worshipped, not merely to be contemplated.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Philo tried to synthesize Greek philosophy with the Hebrew scriptures.

  • Justin Martyr tried to synthesize Greek and Hebrew thought with Christianity.

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 96

1

Why does Descartes set out to doubt everything?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He had grown angry and bitter towards God.

  • To prove that nothing can be known.

  • To build a foundation for scientific knowledge.

  • To build a foundation that helps needy philosophers.

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 96

1

Rationalism is the view that all knowledge comes through reason, not though sensory experience.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 96

1

Even though he knows the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is still an empiricist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 96

1

1. On what grounds does Descartes doubt even immediate empirical judgments such as, "I am seated here now"?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He drank too much and began to doubt everything.

  • He might be dreaming

  • He doesn't doubt it: it's his first truth, something that cannot be doubted.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 96

1

The main conclusion of the wax example is that the senses are known deceivers.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 96

1

According to Descartes, physical bodies are perceived by reason alone.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 96

1

According to Descartes, the mind is identical to the brain.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 96

1

1. Descartes observes that he can doubt the existence of his body, but that he cannot doubt the existence of his soul.  What conclusion does he draw from this?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The senses are known deceivers

  • He might be dreaming

  • There might be an evil genius

  • The body is not identical to the soul.

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 96

1

Descartes thinks he has shown the falsity of the supposition that an evil genius exists by proving that a perfect being exists, one who is not a deceiver.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 96

1

Our ideas of primary properties correctly represent the world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 67 von 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties do not represent the world.  They are the result of causal powers in objects that produce these ideas in us.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 68 von 96

1

Why is it important philosophically for Descartes to argue that God exists?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He felt very vulnerable all alone in the cabin while he was engaging in his meditations, and he needed the comfort of knowing someone was watching out for him.

  • To write a book that did not prove God’s existence would have made Descartes a criminal in the eyes of the law.

  • If a perfect God exists, then the Evil Genius does not.

  • Descartes argues against the idea of a perfect being so that, being himself imperfect, he might feel better about himself.

Erklärung

Frage 69 von 96

1

How does Descartes argue that God exists?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He came up with the famous statement, Credo, Biblio, Veritas (The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it).

  • He argues that the perfect functioning of the material world provides evidence of a perfect intelligent designer.

  • He begins with only the ideas in his mind, since that is all he can be certain of at that point

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 70 von 96

1

Does Descartes believe he has the idea of perfection?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes. That is the only way he could know that he, himself, is imperfect.

  • No. He has no idea of perfection and that is how he knows that he himself is perfect.

Erklärung

Frage 71 von 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties, such as our idea of red, do not resemble anything in the object that produce the ideas in us. 

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 72 von 96

1

Though Descartes believes in his own existence as well as God’s, he does not believe in a material world, even at the end. 

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 73 von 96

1

Does Descartes know that he, himself, is imperfect?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Yes. Because he doubts, he knows he is imperfect.

  • No. He doubts very much that he is imperfect, since only a perfect being could have discovered The Cogito.

Erklärung

Frage 74 von 96

1

Blue and yellow are primary properties, while yellow is a secondary property.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 75 von 96

1

Because he believes the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is an empiricist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 76 von 96

1

Like Descartes, John Locke is a rationalist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 77 von 96

1

What does it mean to say that we are born a tabula rasa?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • We are born with innate ideas.

  • The same thing as cogito ergo sum.

  • We are born without any ideas.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 78 von 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 79 von 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 80 von 96

1

Ockham's Razor is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The sword that killed the empiricist Ockham.

  • a principle Locke uses to show that empiricism is superior to rationalism

  • a principle that says, "your argument cuts both ways".

  • an argument in favor of innate ideas

Erklärung

Frage 81 von 96

1

According to Locke, some of our ideas correctly represent the world and some do not.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 82 von 96

1

According to Locke, the idea of identity is a simple idea.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 83 von 96

1

Which of the following ideas do not correctly represent the world?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Our idea of red.

  • Our idea of pain.

  • our idea of the sweet taste of sugar.

  • None of the ideas above correctly represent the world, according to Locke.

Erklärung

Frage 84 von 96

1

Locke believes our idea of red does not correctly represent reality because he believes the senses are known deceivers.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 85 von 96

1

Descartes thought we could perceive the world directly, while Locke thinks the only thing we perceive directly are the ideas in our mind.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 86 von 96

1

When Locke talks about abstract ideas, he means those ideas that the enlightened person achieves when he or she has turned away from the empirical world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 87 von 96

1

Which of the following ideas are innate, according to Locke?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Our idea of substance.

  • Our idea of identity

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 88 von 96

1

1. Our idea of substance, according to Locke, is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • obscure, not clear.

  • an idea of something, but he knows not what.

  • an idea of something that supports or stands under the qualities of a thing,

  • and really is the thing in which all the properties inhere.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 89 von 96

1

Locke believes that our idea of identity is formed when we experience an idea, for example, the idea of a pink ball, and then experience that same idea again, and then compare the two ideas in our mind and perceive that they are the same.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 90 von 96

1

Locke believes that the mind and body are distinct substances that are only contingently related, that the body is a material substance and the mind is immaterial.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 91 von 96

1

According to Locke, a person is an immaterial substance and so personal identity is nothing more than the continued existence of the same immaterial substance.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 92 von 96

1

When Locke uses the word "man" such as when he considers what it is to be the same man through time, the word "man" means, human.  It is a term that refers to whatever biologists refer to when they refer to humans.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 93 von 96

1

On Locke's view, all humans are persons.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 94 von 96

1

On Locke's view, all persons are humans.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 95 von 96

1

Locke says that a rational parrot should be called a man or a human.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 96 von 96

1

According to Locke, our idea of a person is not the idea of an immaterial substance but the idea of a thinking intelligent being with self-awareness.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung