Danielle Easton
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Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final

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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

Frage 1 von 93

1

Berkeley was a rationalist

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 2 von 93

1

Which of the following claims does Locke believe?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • All knowledge comes through experience.

  • All experience is experience of ideas.

  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 3 von 93

1


Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 4 von 93

1


Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 5 von 93

1

According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 6 von 93

1


According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 7 von 93

1

Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 8 von 93

1

"Esse est percipi " means

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • I think therefore I am.

  • To be or not to be.

  • We are born a blank slate.

  • To be is to be perceived.

Erklärung

Frage 9 von 93

1

According to Berkeley,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.

  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.

  • Only the mental world exists.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 10 von 93

1

According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 11 von 93

1

According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • rationalism and empiricism.

  • impressions and ideas

  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.

  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Erklärung

Frage 12 von 93

1

One difference between impressions and ideas is that

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ideas are copies of impressions.

  • impressions are copies of ideas.

  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Erklärung

Frage 13 von 93

1


According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • it has no meaning.

  • it is false.

  • it must be believed by faith.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 93

1


Which of the following is a relation of ideas?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Murder causes pain.

  • Barking dogs bark.

  • All emerelds are green.

  • God loves everyone.

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 93

1

Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • All bachelors are unmarried.

  • The earth is flat, not round

  • All triangles have four sides.

  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Erklärung

Frage 16 von 93

1


Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 17 von 93

1

If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 19 von 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 20 von 93

1


According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 21 von 93

1

Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 22 von 93

1

On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 23 von 93

1


Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 24 von 93

1


According to Parfit,

Wähle eine der folgenden:


  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.

  • All of the above

Erklärung

Frage 25 von 93

1


According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 93

1

According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 93

1

According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • that it ignores the soul

  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.

  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 93

1


When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 93

1

According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 93

1

According to Hume,

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.

  • the self does not exist.

  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 93

1


Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 93

1

Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 93

1

Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 93

1


Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 35 von 93

1

Theism is the belief that God exists.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 36 von 93

1

God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 93

1

God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 93

1

God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 93

1


God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 93

1

God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 93

1

God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 93

1

The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 93

1

Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.

  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.

  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 93

1


Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 93

1

According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 93

1

One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.

  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.

  • Both of the above.

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 93

1

Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 93

1

Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A belief in hell

  • a belief that God exists

  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men

  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Erklärung

Frage 49 von 93

1

Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 50 von 93

1

Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 93

1

According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 52 von 93

1


One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the teleological argument.

  • the first cause argument.

  • the design argument.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 93

1

According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The universe has a first cause.

  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.

  • The first cause must have been a person.

  • All of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 54 von 93

1

According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 93

1

Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 93

1

What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.

  • Craig gives historical evidence.

  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 57 von 93

1

According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 93

1


According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 59 von 93

1

Another name for the teleological argument is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the design argument.

  • the moral argument.

  • the cosmological argument.

  • None of the above.

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 93

1

In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 93

1


The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 93

1

Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Omnipotence and omniscience

  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence

  • Omnibenevolence and personhood

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 63 von 93

1

There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 64 von 93

1

There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 65 von 93

1

If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 66 von 93

1

According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 67 von 93

1

An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • the cosmological argument.

  • the teleological argument.

  • the problem of evil.

  • the watchmaker argument.

Erklärung

Frage 68 von 93

1

According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 69 von 93

1

According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 70 von 93

1


Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 71 von 93

1

Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a. utilitarianism

  • b. egoism

  • c. kantianism

  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Erklärung

Frage 72 von 93

1

Which of the following is a descriptive theory?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • ethical egoism

  • deontology

  • utilitarianism

  • psychological egosim

Erklärung

Frage 73 von 93

1

Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 74 von 93

1

Mill is a moral rationalist

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 75 von 93

1

The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 76 von 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 77 von 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 78 von 93

1

A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 79 von 93

1

Kant's primary moral principle is called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • a. The Categorical Imperative

  • b. The Principle of Utility

  • c. The Ontology Maxism

  • d. None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 80 von 93

1

John Stuart Mill is

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • An empirist

  • A hedonist

  • A utilitarian

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Erklärung

Frage 81 von 93

1

A formal fallacy

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible

    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Erklärung

Frage 82 von 93

1

An Informal Fallacy

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible
    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Erklärung

Frage 83 von 93

1

A False Cause fallacy

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

    Correlation does not mean causation

  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Erklärung

Frage 84 von 93

1

Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes.
His argument is invalid because he is rich.

This is an example of what type of fallacy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Ad Hominem

  • Appeal to ignorance

  • Straw Man

Erklärung

Frage 85 von 93

1

Appeal to Pity:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Erklärung

Frage 86 von 93

1

Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August.
Is an example of:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Straw Man

  • Argumentum to populum

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Begging the question

Erklärung

Frage 87 von 93

1

Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 88 von 93

1

Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 89 von 93

1

Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 90 von 93

1

An example of Begging the question would be:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Some triangles are obtuse
    Whatever is obtuse is ignorant

    Therefore, some triangles are ignorant

  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."

  • The few, the proud, the marines

  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Erklärung

Frage 91 von 93

1

An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

Erklärung

Frage 92 von 93

1

Equivocation:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.

  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument

  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue

  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Erklärung

Frage 93 von 93

1

The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Equivocation

  • Begging the question

  • Argumentum to populum

  • None of the above

Erklärung

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