Biology AS Level UNIT 1

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Describe Rapid Gas Exchange

Structure of an Amino Acid molecule

Formation of a Peptide Bond

How to break a Peptide Bond

Polymerisation

Primary Structure of Proteins

Secondary Structure of Proteins

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Quaternary Structure of Proteins

Fibrous Proteins

Globular Proteins

Enzymes

How a Mononucleotide is formed and its Structure

Formation of a Dinucleotide

Formation of a Polynucleotide

DNA Structure

Formation of a Double Helix

DNA Replication

Describe Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

What is a Gene?

What is a triplet/codon?

Transcription

Translation

Structure of mRNA

Describe how a molecule of mRNA is made during Transcription

Describe tRNA structure

The Genetic Code

Template Strand

Explain how errors in DNA replication can rise to mutations

Explain how Cystic Fibrosis results from one of a number of possible gene mutations

Allele

Genotype

Phenotype

Dominant

Recessive

Homozygote

Heterozygote

Carrier

How does Cystic Fibrosis impairs the gaseous exchange, digestive and reproductive systems?

Describe Gene Therapy

Differ the 2 types of Gene Therapy

What is Genetic Screening?

Advantages and Disadvantages of Identification of Carriers

Advantages and Disadvantages of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Prenatal Testing

Define Monosaccharides and give an example

Define Disaccharides and give examples

Define Polysaccharides and give examples

Name 2 different types of Polysaccharides that form Starch and detail their structure

Name the main energy storage material in animals and detail its structure

Describe MALTOSE fully

Describe LACTOSE fully

Describe SUCROSE fully

Describe AMYLOSE fully

Describe AMYLOPECTIN fully

Describe GLYCOGEN fully

WHEN and WHERE does a Glycosidic Bond occur? How do you break them off?

Describe the structure of a Triglyceride

What are the long tails in Triglycerides made of and what's their main property?

WHEN and WHERE does an Ester Bond occur? How do you break them off?

Define a SATURATED Lipid

Define an UNSATURATED lipid

WHEN and WHERE does a Peptide Bond occur? How do you break them off?

Define the Mass Transport Systems?

Why do multicellular organisms need mass transport systems?

Features of ARTERIES

Features of Veins

What is a eukaryotic cell?

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Nucleus

What are Lysosomes?

What are Vesicles?

What are Ribosomes?

What is Rough Endoplasmatic Reticulum?

What is Smooth Endoplasmatic Reticulum?

What is Golgi Apparatus?

What is Centriole?

What is a Mitochondrion?