What is the purpose of white blood cells within the FRT?
Spermatozoa are foreign to the female reproductive tract. Some are attacked by white blood cells.
None.
What is one benefit and one challenge that is a result of these white blood cells being in the female reproductive tract?
Non-motile and abnormal spermatozoa are removed (benefit)
Other normal cells may be removed (challenge)
What is capacitation?
The biochemical change to sperm that allows the true acrosome reaction to occur
None
How does capacitation alter sperm motility?
Change in tail motility (hyper-activation)
Fertilization can occur without capacitation.
What is the primary purpose of the acrosomal reaction?
Fusion of sperm plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane
What is “vesiculation”?
Pores develop at point of fusion and enzymes in the acrosome can be released
How does the nucleus of the sperm change once the sperm is engulfed by the oocyte?
Decondenses
Label the layers/parts of the oocyte labeled A, B, and C.
Label at least 4 structures of early embryo genesis.
What is the function of the allantois?
Carries blood vessels of placenta
What is the function of the amnion?
Protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication for parturition, reservoir for urine and wastes
Maternal recognition of pregnancy is necessary in many species to prevent pregnancy loss caused by what irreversible event?
Luteolysis
In order for maternal recognition of pregnancy to occur in the ewe/cow, what (if anything) is secreted by the conceptus to signal its presence
Interferon Tau
How does the presence of the conceptus affect PGF2α production?
Protects CL by preventing PGFRa pulses.
In order for maternal recognition of pregnancy to occur in sows, what (if anything) is secreted by the conceptus to signal its presence?
Estrogen
How does the presence of the conceptus affect PGF2α production in sows?
Estradiol does not inhibit PGF2a but causes it to be rerouted -> away from submucosal capillaries (for countercurrent exchange transport)
In order for maternal recognition of pregnancy to occur in mares, what must happen?
Embryo must migrate between horns from days 12 – 17 of gestation
Presence of the conceptus prevents Luteolysis -> reduces endometrial production of PGF2a
Complete the table below to indicate the correct classification of placenta for each species. The dog is provided as an example
Describe the main characteristics of a diffuse placenta type.
Uniform distribution of chorionic villi
Initial attachment occurs around day 12 of gestation and is well established by day 18 – 20 after fertilization
How does the zonary placenta type differ from the diffuse placenta type?
Has prominent exchange region (chorionic villi) that forms a zone near the middle of the conceptus
The placental unit of trophoblastic origin consisting of abundant blood vessels and connective tissue, found in ruminants, is called:
Cotyledon
Although mares, sows, and ruminants (ex: cows) all have epitheliochorial placentas, the placenta of the cow is different compared to the sow and mare. What are 2 differences?
Caruncles/Endometrial folds
When classifying placentas based on level of intimacy/number of tissue layers, what type would have 6 layers?
Epitheliochorial
Which is the “most intimate placenta type”?
Hemochorial
The fetus triggers the onset of parturition by secreting cortisol None( cortisol, None ).
What 3 hormones contribute to myometrial contractions during parturition?
Oxytocin
PGF2a
Which hormone is released as a consequence of pressure on the cervix?
Which hormone allows for loosening/widening of the birth canal to allow for parturition?
Relaxin
What is dystocia?
trouble giving birth
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